Outbreak, Epidemic, and Health Crisis Management: PERMENKES 1/2026

Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 1 Tahun 2026, Kejadian Luar Biasa, Wabah, dan Krisis Kesehatan (Extraordinary Occurrences, Epidemics, and Health Crises), sets out the ministry's operating rules for detecting, responding to, and winding down health emergencies. The text runs to 191 articles and covers surveillance and early detection, health quarantine at points of entry, response arrangements during an epidemic, post-epidemic measures, and the institutional units through which central and regional governments coordinate.

Issue

Indonesian health emergency practice distinguishes between three escalating situations, and the legal consequences attached to each differ. Pasal 1 supplies the definitions. An extraordinary occurrence is an increase in incidence, illness, death, or disability from disease and health problems that is epidemiologically meaningful in a given area over a given period. An epidemic is an increase in an extraordinary occurrence of communicable disease marked by rising case or death counts spreading quickly on a wide scale. A health crisis is an event arising from natural, non-natural, or social factors that is serious and urgent, creates health problems for the population, and requires a response beyond normal practice where local health capacity is inadequate. The same article defines surveillance as systematic and continuous observation, collection, processing, analysis, and interpretation of data on disease events, and early detection as intensified continuous monitoring of disease developments. It also defines the health cluster as the group of health crisis responders drawn from central and regional government, including the armed forces and the national police, that coordinates to meet health service needs.

Key Provisions

Point-of-entry control is addressed among the articles on arriving and departing conveyances. Pasal 12 prohibits a ship's master, aircraft captain, or land vehicle driver from disembarking or embarking persons or goods before obtaining a health quarantine approval document, and provides that a person who breaches that prohibition is subject to sanctions in accordance with statutory provisions. The prohibition operates as a document-based gate: clearance precedes any movement of passengers or cargo, rather than following it.

The rules on epidemic situations attach research and information functions to the response. Pasal 59 provides that research and the use of research and innovation results in the health sector may be conducted to support epidemic preparedness, epidemic response, and the post-epidemic phase, with paragraph (2) reserving to the Minister the determination of how those results are used. Pasal 60 states that technical guidelines on post-epidemic management under Pasal 55 through Pasal 59 are set by the Minister, so the operational detail of the wind-down phase sits in ministerial guidance rather than in the regulation itself. Pasal 61 provides for health sector surveys during an epidemic, defined as systematic collection, processing, and analysis of data and information on health problems, which may extend to health conditions, behaviour, risk, facilities and use of health services, and public perception. Under Pasal 61 paragraphs (4) and (5), the Minister may involve other ministries, agencies, and stakeholders, and surveys are carried out in accordance with statutory provisions.

Pasal 62 establishes the coordinating institution. The Minister, governors, and regents or mayors may form a public health emergency coordination and management unit at central, provincial, and district or city level according to their respective authority. Paragraph (2) requires the unit to be staffed by a team drawn from medical personnel, health personnel, and supporting health personnel. Paragraph (3) assigns the unit monitoring, case verification, risk factor mapping, and data analysis, together with preparation of material for disseminating information on disease developments and risk factors with epidemic potential. Paragraph (4) allows the central-level unit to coordinate with international health institutions. A further section of the regulation sets standards for the management of biological materials and agents that cause disease or health problems with the potential to trigger an extraordinary occurrence or an epidemic.

Implications

Regional governments choosing to form emergency coordination units will staff them from the three personnel categories named in Pasal 62 paragraph (2) and will run them alongside existing structures, including the divisions for disease control described in the nomenclature rules for regional health offices. Operators of ships, aircraft, and land vehicles at points of entry work to the document sequence in Pasal 12. Because Pasal 60 refers post-epidemic technical guidance to separate ministerial instruments, the applicable detail for that phase will be found outside this regulation.

Regulatory Context

The regulation applies within the national health management framework, and supply arrangements activated during a response draw on the electronic catalogue procurement rules for health supplies.

Read the full regulation in the CRPG Law Database.

Methodology: This memo summarises the official regulation text and is not legal advice; report corrections to contact@crpg.info.

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