B3 Waste Collection Services in Indonesia: Licensing Requirements, Operational Standards, and the 90-Day Storage Limit Under PP 22/2021
Executive Summary
Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 (PP 22/2021) establishes the regulatory framework for B3 (hazardous and toxic) waste collection services through BAB VII Paragraf 5 (Articles 298-309). B3 waste collectors serve as essential intermediaries in Indonesia's hazardous waste management chain, aggregating waste from multiple generators before delivery to downstream processors, utilizers, or landfill operators.
The regulation creates a tiered licensing system based on operational scale. National-scale collectors operating across provinces obtain technical approval from the Minister of Environment and Forestry. Provincial-scale collectors operating within a single province apply to the Governor. Municipal-scale collectors operating within a single district or city apply to the Regent or Mayor. All collectors require three sequential approvals: Technical Approval for B3 waste management, Environmental Approval, and Business License.
A central feature of the collection framework is the 90-day maximum storage period. Collectors may hold received B3 waste for no more than 90 days from the date of receipt before mandatory transfer to downstream facilities. This timeline creates operational urgency requiring collectors to maintain contractual relationships with processors, utilizers, or landfill operators capable of receiving waste within the storage window.
Background & Context
B3 waste collection services address a fundamental challenge in hazardous waste management: many B3 waste generators produce insufficient quantities to justify direct relationships with specialized treatment, utilization, or disposal facilities. Without collection services, small and medium generators would face difficulties accessing proper waste management pathways, potentially leading to improper disposal.
Collectors aggregate waste from multiple generators, achieving economies of scale that make downstream processing economically viable. A single collector may receive waste from dozens or hundreds of generators, consolidating material into quantities suitable for efficient transport and processing. This aggregation function enables proper hazardous waste management even for generators producing small waste volumes.
The regulatory framework recognizes that collection activities create environmental risks distinct from generation or final treatment. Collectors handle waste from multiple sources, creating potential for mixing incompatible materials. Storage at collection facilities extends waste residence time in the waste management chain. The 90-day storage limit addresses accumulation risks while providing operational flexibility for logistics coordination.
Key Provisions
Generator Obligation to Deliver to Collectors
Generators exceeding storage capacity or time limits must transfer waste to licensed collectors.
Pasal 298:
"(1) Setiap Orang yang menghasilkan Limbah B3 wajib menyerahkan Limbah B3 yang dihasilkannya kepada Pengumpul Limbah B3, dalam hal: a. tidak mampu memenuhi ketentuan jangka waktu Penyimpanan Limbah B3; dan/atau b. kapasitas tempat Penyimpanan Limbah B3 terlampaui. (2) Penyerahan Limbah B3 kepada Pengumpul Limbah B3 sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) disertai dengan bukti penyerahan Limbah B3."
Generators must deliver B3 waste to collectors when unable to meet storage period requirements or when storage capacity is exceeded. Delivery must include documented proof of waste transfer. This documentation creates chain of custody records tracking waste movement from generator through collector to final destination.
Collection Activity Requirements
Collectors must segregate waste and maintain proper storage conditions.
Pasal 299:
"(1) Pengumpulan Limbah B3 oleh Pengumpul Limbah B3 sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 298 dilakukan dengan: a. segregasi Limbah B3; dan b. Penyimpanan Limbah B3. (2) Segregasi Limbah B3 sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) huruf a dilakukan sesuai dengan: a. nama Limbah B3 sebagaimana tercantum dalam Lampiran IX yang merupakan bagian tidak terpisahkan dari Peraturan Pemerintah ini; dan b. karakteristik Limbah B3 sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 278 ayat (2)."
B3 waste collection requires segregation according to waste names listed in Annex IX and B3 characteristics (explosive, flammable, reactive, infectious, corrosive, or toxic). Segregation prevents incompatible waste mixing that could cause reactions, fires, or releases. Storage at collection facilities must follow the same requirements applicable to generator storage under Articles 285-297.
Three-Tier Licensing Authority
Technical approval applications follow jurisdictional hierarchy based on operational scale.
Pasal 301 Ayat 1:
"Untuk mendapat Persetujuan Teknis Pengelolaan Limbah B3 sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 300 ayat (2), Pengumpul Limbah B3 mengajukan permohonan secara tertulis kepada: a. Menteri, untuk Pengumpulan Limbah B3 skala nasional; b. gubernur, untuk Pengumpulan Limbah B3 skala provinsi; atau c. bupati/wali kota, untuk Pengumpulan Limbah B3 skala kabupaten/kota."
National-scale collectors operating across provincial boundaries apply to the Minister. Provincial-scale collectors operating within a single province apply to the Governor. Municipal-scale collectors operating within a single district or city apply to the Regent or Mayor. Scale determination depends on the geographic scope of waste collection operations, not facility location alone.
Technical Approval Application Requirements
Comprehensive documentation supports technical approval applications.
Pasal 301 Ayat 2:
"Permohonan Persetujuan Teknis Pengelolaan Limbah B3 untuk kegiatan Pengumpulan Limbah B3 sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dilengkapi dengan persyaratan yang meliputi: a. nama, sumber, kategori, dan/atau karakteristik Limbah B3 yang akan dikumpulkan; b. rencana pembangunan fasilitas Pengumpulan Limbah B3; c. rencana pembangunan dan/atau penyediaan laboratorium uji Limbah B3; d. tata letak lokasi Pengumpulan Limbah B3; e. dokumen tempat Penyimpanan Limbah B3; f. dokumen pengemasan Limbah B3; g. prosedur Pengumpulan Limbah B3; h. bukti kepemilikan atas dana penjaminan untuk pemulihan fungsi Lingkungan Hidup; i. perhitungan biaya dan model keekonomian; j. Sistem Tanggap Darurat; dan k. tenaga kerja yang memiliki sertifikat kompetensi di bidang Pengelolaan Limbah B3."
Applications must identify waste types to be collected, provide facility construction plans, laboratory capabilities, site layout, storage and packaging documentation, collection procedures, environmental guarantee fund proof, economic analysis, emergency response systems, and certified personnel. Laboratory requirements ensure collectors can verify waste characteristics upon receipt.
Approval Timeline
Defined timelines govern application processing.
Pasal 302:
"(1) Menteri, gubernur, atau bupati/wali kota setelah menerima permohonan Persetujuan Teknis sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 301 memberikan pernyataan tertulis mengenai kelengkapan administrasi permohonan paling lama 2 (dua) hari kerja sejak permohonan diterima. (2) Setelah permohonan dinyatakan lengkap, Menteri, gubernur, atau bupati/wali kota melakukan verifikasi paling lama 7 (tujuh) hari kerja. (3) Dalam hal hasil verifikasi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) menunjukkan: a. permohonan Persetujuan Teknis memenuhi persyaratan, Menteri, gubernur, atau bupati/wali kota menerbitkan Persetujuan Teknis untuk kegiatan Pengumpulan Limbah B3 paling lama 7 (tujuh) hari kerja sejak hasil verifikasi diketahui."
Administrative completeness confirmation occurs within 2 working days. Technical verification takes up to 7 working days. Approval or rejection with reasons follows within 7 working days after verification. The total approval timeline extends approximately 16 working days for complete applications meeting requirements.
Collector Prohibitions
The regulation explicitly prohibits certain activities by collectors.
Pasal 300 Ayat 3:
"Pengumpul Limbah B3 dilarang: a. melakukan Pemanfaatan Limbah B3 dan/atau Pengolahan Limbah B3 terhadap sebagian atau seluruh Limbah B3 yang dikumpulkan; b. menyerahkan Limbah B3 yang dikumpulkan kepada Pengumpul Limbah B3 yang lain; dan c. melakukan pencampuran Limbah B3."
Collectors may not utilize or process collected waste - these activities require separate licenses. Collectors may not transfer waste to other collectors, preventing circular transfers that could delay proper management. Waste mixing is prohibited to prevent reactions and maintain segregation integrity.
90-Day Storage Limit and Reporting
Strict time limits govern waste retention at collection facilities.
Pasal 306:
"(1) Pengumpul Limbah B3 wajib: ... c. melakukan Penyimpanan Limbah B3 paling lama 90 (sembilan puluh) hari sejak Limbah B3 diserahkan oleh Setiap Orang yang menghasilkan Limbah B3; ... e. menyusun dan menyampaikan laporan Pengumpulan Limbah B3 yang memuat: 1. nama, sumber, karakteristik, dan jumlah Limbah B3; 2. salinan bukti penyerahan Limbah B3; 3. identitas Pengangkut Limbah B3; 4. pelaksanaan Pengumpulan Limbah B3; dan 5. penyerahan Limbah B3 kepada Pemanfaat Limbah B3, Pengolah Limbah B3, dan/atau Penimbun Limbah B3. (3) Laporan Pengumpulan Limbah B3 sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) huruf e disampaikan kepada Menteri, gubernur, atau bupati/wali kota sesuai dengan Persetujuan Teknis Pengelolaan Limbah B3 untuk kegiatan Pengumpulan Limbah B3, paling sedikit 1 (satu) kali dalam 6 (enam) bulan."
Collectors may store received waste for maximum 90 days from receipt date. Reports submitted at least every 6 months must document waste details, transfer receipts, transporter identification, collection activities, and delivery to downstream facilities. The 90-day limit creates operational pressure requiring collectors to maintain reliable downstream pathways.
Mandatory Transfer Upon Exceeding Storage Limit
Waste exceeding the 90-day limit must transfer to downstream facilities.
Pasal 308:
"(1) Dalam hal Penyimpanan Limbah B3 sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 306 ayat (1) huruf c melampaui 90 (sembilan puluh) hari, Pengumpul Limbah B3 wajib menyerahkan Limbah B3 yang dikumpulkannya kepada pihak lain. (2) Pihak lain sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) meliputi: a. Pemanfaat Limbah B3; b. Pengolah Limbah B3; dan/atau c. Penimbun Limbah B3."
When storage exceeds 90 days, collectors must transfer waste to licensed B3 waste utilizers, processors, or landfill operators. This requirement prevents indefinite accumulation at collection facilities and ensures waste progresses through the management chain toward final disposition.
Operational Eligibility Letter
Facility verification precedes operational authorization.
Pasal 307:
"(2) Dalam hal hasil verifikasi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) menunjukkan fasilitas Pengumpulan Limbah B3: a. sesuai dengan Persetujuan Teknis Pengelolaan Limbah B3 untuk kegiatan Pengumpulan Limbah B3, Menteri, gubernur, atau bupati/wali kota sesuai dengan kewenangannya menerbitkan SLO kegiatan Pengumpulan Limbah B3. (4) SLO untuk kegiatan Pengumpulan Limbah B3 sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) huruf a menjadi dasar dimulainya: a. kegiatan operasional Pengumpulan Limbah B3; dan b. pengawasan terhadap ketaatan penanggung jawab Usaha dan/atau Kegiatan dalam Perizinan Berusaha."
After facility construction, authorities verify compliance with technical approval specifications. Compliant facilities receive the Operational Eligibility Letter (SLO) authorizing collection operations. SLO issuance also triggers compliance supervision under business licensing requirements.
Implementation & Compliance
Prospective B3 waste collectors should carefully assess operational scale before applying for technical approval. Scale determines both approving authority and operational scope. Obtaining national-scale approval from the Minister enables cross-provincial operations but requires demonstrating capacity for that scope. Provincial or municipal approval limits geographic reach but may involve simpler approval processes.
The 90-day storage limit requires collectors to establish contractual relationships with downstream facilities before commencing operations. Collectors should verify that sufficient processing, utilization, or disposal capacity exists to receive waste within the 90-day window. Market conditions, downstream facility capacities, and transportation logistics all affect ability to meet the timeline.
Segregation requirements demand appropriate facility design with separate storage areas for different waste types based on Annex IX classifications and B3 characteristics. Collectors handling waste with multiple characteristics need multiple segregated storage zones. Laboratory capabilities for characteristic testing enable verification upon receipt and proper classification.
Six-month reporting creates ongoing documentation obligations. Collectors should maintain systematic records of all waste receipts, transfers, and facility activities to support timely report preparation. Chain of custody documentation from transfer receipts provides essential reporting data.
Conclusion
PP 22/2021's B3 waste collection framework establishes collectors as regulated intermediaries in Indonesia's hazardous waste management system. The multi-tier licensing structure aligns approval authority with operational scale while the 90-day storage limit prevents waste accumulation at collection facilities.
Collectors accepting the operational constraints - segregation requirements, storage time limits, mixing prohibitions, and reporting obligations - gain legitimate market positions aggregating waste from generators lacking direct access to treatment or disposal pathways. Compliance with these requirements maintains waste chain integrity from generation through collection to final management.
Official Source
This article analyzes Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 on Environmental Protection and Management Implementation (PP 22/2021), specifically BAB VII Paragraf 5 (Pasal 298-309) on B3 Waste Collection.
The official regulation text can be accessed at:
Primary Source:
PP No. 22 Tahun 2021 - BPK Regulation Portal
Alternative Sources:
- JDIH Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan
Official Gazette: Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2021 Nomor 32
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