B3 Waste Emergency Response Systems in Indonesia: The Four-Scale Framework and Mandatory Training Requirements Under PP 22/2021
Executive Summary
Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 (PP 22/2021) establishes a comprehensive emergency response framework for B3 (hazardous and toxic) waste management through BAB VII Paragraf 14 (Articles 428-442). Every actor in the B3 waste management chain must develop and implement emergency response systems scaled to their operations.
The framework operates through three pillars: prevention through program development, preparedness through training and drills, and active response during emergencies. Four emergency scales address incidents from facility-level accidents through national-scale disasters, with coordination responsibilities assigned to disaster management agencies at corresponding government levels.
Mandatory training requirements differentiate by scale. Individual operators must conduct annual training and drills. District/city coordinated exercises occur biennially. Provincial coordination happens triennially. National coordination follows BNPB scheduling.
Integration with Indonesia's disaster management system ensures B3 waste emergencies receive coordinated multi-agency response. Emergency programs become components of broader disaster management plans at each government level.
Background & Context
Hazardous waste incidents pose risks ranging from localized facility accidents to regional environmental disasters. Fires, explosions, chemical releases, and transportation accidents can escalate rapidly without prepared response capability. Indonesia's B3 waste emergency framework addresses these risks through systematic prevention, preparedness, and response planning.
The framework recognizes that B3 waste emergencies may exceed the response capacity of individual operators. A fire at a waste treatment facility may require firefighting resources beyond the operator's capability. A transportation accident may affect communities along transport routes. Large-scale incidents may overwhelm local response capacity entirely.
The four-scale emergency structure provides escalation pathways matched to incident severity. Facility-level programs address routine operational incidents. District/city coordination mobilizes local resources for significant incidents. Provincial coordination brings regional resources to major emergencies. National coordination deploys federal disaster management capabilities for catastrophic events.
Integration with BPBD (Regional Disaster Management Agencies) and BNPB (National Disaster Management Agency) connects B3 waste emergency response with Indonesia's broader disaster management infrastructure. This integration ensures chemical emergencies receive appropriate attention within comprehensive disaster response frameworks.
Key Provisions
Universal Emergency Response Obligation
Every B3 waste management actor must maintain emergency response capability.
Pasal 428:
"Setiap Orang yang menghasilkan Limbah B3, Pengumpul Limbah B3, Pengangkut Limbah B3, Pemanfaat Limbah B3, Pengolah Limbah B3, dan/atau Penimbun Limbah B3 wajib memiliki Sistem Tanggap Darurat."
Every B3 waste generator, collector, transporter, utilizer, processor, and landfill operator must have an Emergency Response System. This universal mandate ensures no gap exists in emergency preparedness across the B3 waste management chain.
Three-Pillar Emergency Framework
Emergency response operates through prevention, preparedness, and response.
Pasal 429:
"Sistem Tanggap Darurat dalam Pengelolaan Limbah B3 terdiri atas: a. pencegahan kedaruratan Pengelolaan Limbah B3 melalui penyusunan program kedaruratan Pengelolaan Limbah B3; b. kesiapsiagaan melalui pelatihan dan geladi kedaruratan Pengelolaan Limbah B3; dan c. penanggulangan kedaruratan Pengelolaan Limbah B3."
Prevention focuses on program development that identifies risks and establishes protocols before incidents occur. Preparedness ensures personnel capability through regular training and realistic drills. Response addresses active emergency situations through practiced protocols and coordination mechanisms.
Four-Scale Emergency Structure
Emergency classification scales from facility incidents to national disasters.
Pasal 430:
"Kedaruratan Pengelolaan Limbah B3 sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 429 meliputi: a. keadaan darurat pada kegiatan Pengelolaan Limbah B3; b. keadaan darurat Pengelolaan Limbah B3 skala kabupaten/kota; c. keadaan darurat Pengelolaan Limbah B3 skala provinsi; dan d. keadaan darurat Pengelolaan Limbah B3 skala nasional."
Activity-level emergencies remain within operator response capability. District/city scale emergencies require local government coordination. Provincial scale emergencies mobilize regional resources. National scale emergencies activate federal disaster response infrastructure.
Operator Program Development
Each B3 waste actor must develop tailored emergency programs.
Pasal 431:
"Setiap Orang yang menghasilkan Limbah B3, Pengumpul Limbah B3, Pengangkut Limbah B3, Pemanfaat Limbah B3, Pengolah Limbah B3, dan/atau Penimbun Limbah B3 wajib menyusun program kedaruratan Pengelolaan Limbah B3 sesuai dengan kegiatan yang dilakukannya."
Programs must match the specific risks of each operation. A waste treatment facility faces different hazards than a transportation company. Generators face different risks than landfill operators. Tailored programs address operation-specific scenarios.
Government Program Authority
Disaster management agencies coordinate regional and national programs.
Pasal 432 Ayat 1-3:
"(1) Kepala instansi daerah kabupaten/kota yang bertanggungjawab di bidang penanggulangan bencana menyusun program kedaruratan Pengelolaan Limbah B3 skala kabupaten/kota. (2) Kepala instansi daerah provinsi yang bertanggungjawab di bidang penanggulangan bencana menyusun program kedaruratan Pengelolaan Limbah B3 skala provinsi. (3) Kepala lembaga pemerintah nonkementerian yang bertanggungjawab di bidang penanggulangan bencana menyusun program kedaruratan Pengelolaan Limbah B3 skala nasional."
BPBD heads at district/city and provincial levels develop regional emergency programs. BNPB develops the national-scale program. This authority assignment ensures emergency programs align with broader disaster management capabilities.
Integration with Disaster Management
B3 waste emergency programs integrate into comprehensive disaster frameworks.
Pasal 433:
"(1) Program kedaruratan Pengelolaan Limbah B3 skala kabupaten/kota merupakan bagian dari program penanggulangan bencana kabupaten/kota. (2) Program kedaruratan Pengelolaan Limbah B3 skala provinsi merupakan bagian dari program penanggulangan bencana provinsi. (3) Program kedaruratan Pengelolaan Limbah B3 skala nasional merupakan bagian dari program penanggulangan bencana nasional."
Integration ensures B3 waste emergencies receive coordinated response alongside natural disasters, industrial accidents, and other emergencies. Disaster management agencies bring established coordination mechanisms, communication systems, and resource mobilization capabilities.
Program Component Requirements
Emergency programs must address infrastructure and response functions.
Pasal 434:
"(1) Program kedaruratan Pengelolaan Limbah B3 sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 431 dan Pasal 433 paling sedikit meliputi: a. infrastruktur; dan b. fungsi penanggulangan. (2) Infrastruktur sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) huruf a paling sedikit meliputi: a. organisasi; b. koordinasi; c. fasilitas dan peralatan termasuk peralatan peringatan dini dan alarm; d. prosedur penanggulangan; dan e. pelatihan dan geladi keadaan darurat. (3) Fungsi penanggulangan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) huruf b paling sedikit meliputi: a. identifikasi, pelaporan, dan pengaktifan; b. tindakan mitigasi; c. tindakan perlindungan segera; d. tindakan perlindungan untuk petugas penanggulangan keadaan darurat, pekerja, masyarakat, dan Lingkungan Hidup; dan e. pemberian informasi dan instruksi kepada masyarakat."
Infrastructure requirements establish organizational readiness. Response function requirements ensure capability to identify incidents, mitigate impacts, protect people and environment, and communicate with affected communities.
Annual Training Requirement
Operators must conduct yearly training and drills.
Pasal 436:
"Setiap Orang yang menghasilkan Limbah B3, Pengumpul Limbah B3, Pengangkut Limbah B3, Pemanfaat Limbah B3, Pengolah Limbah B3, dan/atau Penimbun Limbah B3 sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 435 wajib menyelenggarakan pelatihan dan geladi kedaruratan untuk kegiatan yang dilakukannya paling sedikit 1 (satu) kali dalam 1 (satu) tahun untuk memastikan Sistem Tanggap Darurat Pengelolaan Limbah B3 dapat dilaksanakan."
Annual training ensures personnel maintain emergency response capability. Regular drills test procedures, identify gaps, and build coordination. The frequency requirement prevents capability degradation between actual incidents.
Regional Training Coordination
Coordinated regional training occurs at different frequencies by scale.
Pasal 438 Ayat 3 and Pasal 440 Ayat 3:
"(3) Pelatihan dan geladi kedaruratan diselenggarakan paling sedikit 1 (satu) kali dalam 2 (dua) tahun." [District/City]
"(3) Pelatihan dan geladi kedaruratan diselenggarakan paling sedikit 1 (satu) kali dalam 3 (tiga) tahun." [Province]
District/city level coordinated training occurs biennially. Provincial level coordinated training occurs triennially. These frequencies balance coordination benefits against resource requirements for large-scale exercises.
Implementation & Compliance
For B3 Waste Generators
Generators must develop emergency programs addressing their specific operations. Programs should identify potential incident scenarios, establish response protocols, designate response personnel, and specify notification procedures.
Annual training ensures all relevant personnel understand their emergency roles. Drills should simulate realistic scenarios testing both individual response and coordination with external parties.
Documentation of program development, training delivery, and drill execution supports compliance demonstration during regulatory inspections.
For B3 Waste Service Providers
Collectors, transporters, and processors face diverse emergency scenarios across multiple facilities or routes. Emergency programs must address this operational complexity.
Transportation emergencies require protocols for incidents occurring away from fixed facilities. Communication with local emergency responders along transport routes becomes critical.
Treatment and disposal facilities face concentrated hazards requiring specialized response capability. Programs should address fire, explosion, and chemical release scenarios specific to facility operations.
For Regional Disaster Management Agencies
BPBD offices must incorporate B3 waste emergency provisions into regional disaster management plans. Coordination with environmental agencies ensures technical expertise informs planning.
Biennial (district/city) and triennial (provincial) coordinated exercises bring together operators and government agencies to test multi-organization response. Exercise planning should identify realistic scenarios and appropriate evaluation criteria.
Maintaining current inventories of B3 waste activities within jurisdictions supports emergency planning and response coordination.
For Regulatory Compliance
Emergency program documentation should clearly establish organizational responsibilities, procedures, equipment inventories, and communication protocols. Programs require periodic review and update as operations change.
Training records should document participant attendance, training content, and competency assessment. Drill records should capture scenarios tested, observations, and corrective actions identified.
Integration with annual reporting ensures regulatory visibility into emergency preparedness status.
Conclusion
PP 22/2021's emergency response framework establishes comprehensive requirements for B3 waste incident preparedness across all operational scales. The three-pillar approach of prevention, preparedness, and response ensures systematic risk management throughout the B3 waste management chain.
The four-scale emergency structure provides escalation pathways matching response capability to incident severity. Integration with disaster management agencies ensures B3 waste emergencies receive coordinated multi-agency response when local capability proves insufficient.
Differentiated training frequencies balance operational preparedness against resource requirements. Annual operator training maintains frontline capability. Regional coordinated exercises build multi-organization response coordination.
This framework positions emergency response as an integral component of B3 waste management rather than an afterthought. Mandatory programming, training, and integration requirements ensure that when incidents occur, prepared response capability exists at every level from facility through national coordination.
Official Source
This article analyzes Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 on Environmental Protection and Management Implementation (PP 22/2021), specifically BAB VII Paragraf 14 (Pasal 428-442) on B3 Waste Emergency Response Systems.
The official regulation text can be accessed at:
Primary Source:
PP No. 22 Tahun 2021 - BPK Regulation Portal
Alternative Sources:
- JDIH Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan
Official Gazette: Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2021 Nomor 32
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