Environmental Financing Mechanisms: Indonesia's Guarantee Fund System for Pollution Prevention and Restoration

Executive Summary

Indonesia's environmental governance framework incorporates sophisticated financial mechanisms to ensure businesses internalize environmental costs and maintain restoration capacity. Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 (PP 22/2021) on the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management establishes the Dana Penjaminan untuk Pemulihan Fungsi Lingkungan Hidup (Environmental Restoration Guarantee Fund), a mandatory financial assurance system requiring all businesses with Environmental Approvals to deposit funds for pollution mitigation and ecosystem restoration.

This regulation is significant because it operationalizes the "polluter pays principle" by requiring businesses to provide upfront financial security for potential environmental damage before commencing operations. The guarantee fund system covers all phases of business activities from pre-construction through post-operation, ensuring continuous financial capacity for environmental restoration regardless of business viability or bankruptcy. The mechanism applies across all sectors requiring Environmental Approvals, creating economy-wide environmental risk internalization.

Key provisions establish multiple financial instrument options including time deposits, bank guarantees, and insurance policies, all managed through government-designated banks. Fund amounts are calculated using seven risk-based factors including impact typology, affected resources, damage severity, restoration technology costs, and natural resource economic value. Government authorization is required for fund release, and businesses face unlimited liability for restoration costs exceeding deposited amounts. Critically, the guarantee fund does not exempt businesses from pollution prevention obligations, reinforcing prevention-first environmental governance.

Background & Context

Indonesia's rapid industrialization and natural resource extraction have historically generated significant environmental damage, often leaving remediation costs unaddressed when businesses cease operations or declare bankruptcy. Mining closures, industrial pollution incidents, and abandoned waste sites frequently left government agencies responsible for costly cleanup operations without available funding mechanisms. This pattern of externalized environmental costs undermined Indonesia's sustainable development objectives and violated the constitutional right to a healthy environment.

The 2009 Environmental Protection and Management Law (UU 32/2009) introduced the concept of economic instruments and environmental cost internalization in Articles 42-43, mandating that businesses bear financial responsibility for environmental impacts. However, implementation mechanisms remained underdeveloped until the 2021 enactment of PP 22/2021, which consolidated scattered sectoral guarantee fund requirements into a comprehensive national framework. Prior to this regulation, only specific sectors like mining (through reclamation guarantee funds) and hazardous waste management (through insurance requirements) maintained financial assurance systems, leaving significant coverage gaps.

PP 22/2021 emerged from Indonesia's commitment to strengthen environmental governance following international climate finance discussions and domestic pressure to address abandoned contaminated sites. The regulation integrates environmental guarantee funds with Indonesia's Online Single Submission (OSS) business licensing system, creating automated compliance verification before Environmental Approvals and Business Licenses are issued. This systemic integration represents a shift from reactive pollution enforcement to proactive financial risk management.

The regulation's development coincided with broader environmental financing innovations in Indonesia, including the Environmental Fund Management Agency (BPDLH) establishment in 2019 and growing interest in green bonds and climate finance mechanisms. PP 22/2021's guarantee fund system complements these initiatives by ensuring private businesses maintain dedicated restoration capacity independent of broader environmental financing schemes. The legislation reflects Indonesia's evolution toward comprehensive environmental fiscal architecture balancing public investment, market-based instruments, and mandatory business financial assurance.

Key Provisions

Purpose and Scope of Guarantee Funds

PP 22/2021 defines the environmental guarantee fund's dual purpose covering both pollution prevention and environmental restoration activities.

Pasal 471 Ayat (1): Tujuan Dana Penjaminan

"Dana penjaminan untuk pemulihan fungsi Lingkungan Hidup digunakan untuk kegiatan: a. penanggulangan Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup dan/atau Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup; dan/atau b. pemulihan fungsi Lingkungan Hidup akibat Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup dan/atau Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup, yang timbul akibat suatu Usaha dan/atau Kegiatan."

This provision establishes that the environmental restoration guarantee fund is used for activities including: (a) mitigating environmental pollution and/or environmental damage; and/or (b) restoring environmental functions due to environmental pollution and/or environmental damage, arising from a Business and/or Activity. The dual-purpose structure ensures financial resources are available for both immediate pollution response (mitigation) and long-term ecosystem restoration (rehabilitation, remediation, restoration).

The fund covers environmental impacts across the complete business lifecycle, from pre-construction through post-operation phases. This temporal scope addresses a critical governance gap where businesses often cease financial provisions during operational transitions or closure phases when environmental risks may be highest. By mandating continuous fund availability aligned with Environmental Approval stages, the regulation ensures restoration capacity persists throughout the project duration and post-closure monitoring periods.

Pasal 471 Ayat (4): Kegiatan Pemulihan

"Pemulihan fungsi Lingkungan Hidup akibat Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup dan/atau Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) huruf b meliputi kegiatan: a. penghentian sumber pencemaran dan pembersihan unsur pencemar; b. remediasi; c. rehabilitasi; d. restorasi; dan/atau e. cara lain yang sesuai dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi."

Restoration activities financed by the guarantee fund include: (a) stopping pollution sources and cleaning pollutant elements; (b) remediation; (c) rehabilitation; (d) restoration; and/or (e) other methods in accordance with the development of science and technology. This progressive definition accommodates emerging restoration technologies like bioremediation, phytoremediation, and nature-based solutions, ensuring the legal framework remains relevant as environmental science advances.

Mandatory Obligation for Environmental Approval Holders

The regulation establishes universal mandatory requirements for guarantee fund provision, applying to both private businesses and government entities.

Pasal 472 Ayat (1-3): Kewajiban Penyediaan Dana

"(1) Pemegang Persetujuan Lingkungan wajib menyediakan dana penjaminan untuk pemulihan fungsi Lingkungan Hidup sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 471. (2) Dalam hal pemegang Persetujuan Lingkungan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) merupakan instansi Pemerintah atau Pemerintah Daerah, kewajiban penyediaan dana penjaminan untuk pemulihan fungsi Lingkungan Hidup dilaksanakan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan di bidang keuangan negara. (3) Pelaku usaha pemegang Persetujuan Lingkungan menyediakan dana penjaminan untuk pemulihan fungsi Lingkungan Hidup sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) untuk disimpan di bank pemerintah yang ditunjuk oleh Pemerintah."

Environmental Approval holders are required to provide environmental restoration guarantee funds. Government and regional government agencies must comply according to state finance regulations, while business entities must deposit funds in government-designated banks. This universal obligation creates regulatory parity between public and private sector environmental impacts, addressing historical patterns where government infrastructure projects received de facto exemptions from environmental financial assurance.

The requirement to deposit funds in government banks ensures centralized oversight, fund security, and transparent accounting. Government-designated banks provide institutional stability and accountability superior to private financial institutions, reducing risks of fund disappearance, mismanagement, or unauthorized access. This centralized custodianship allows environmental authorities to verify fund availability electronically through the OSS licensing system before issuing permits.

Financial Instrument Options

PP 22/2021 provides businesses with multiple financial instrument choices to accommodate diverse cash flow structures and risk profiles.

Pasal 473 Ayat (1-2): Bentuk Dana Penjaminan

"(1) Dana penjaminan untuk pemulihan fungsi Lingkungan Hidup sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 472 ayat (3) disediakan oleh Pelaku Usaha dalam bentuk: a. deposito berjangka; b. tabungan bersama; c. bank garansi; dan/atau d. lainnya sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. (2) Penyediaan dana penjaminan untuk pemulihan fungsi Lingkungan Hidup dapat dilakukan dalam bentuk polis asuransi atau instrumen keuangan lainnya yang diterbitkan oleh lembaga jasa keuangan milik pemerintah yang ditunjuk oleh Pemerintah."

Business entities may provide guarantee funds through: (a) time deposits; (b) joint savings; (c) bank guarantees; and/or (d) other instruments per regulations. Alternatively, funds may be provided through insurance policies or other financial instruments issued by government-owned financial services institutions designated by the Government. Time deposits offer businesses the advantage of earning interest on deposited funds while maintaining liquid security, reducing the opportunity cost of environmental financial assurance.

Bank guarantees provide credit-based alternatives for businesses with strong banking relationships but limited cash reserves, allowing guarantee provision without cash outlay. Insurance policies enable risk pooling across multiple projects and professional underwriting of environmental restoration probabilities and costs. This insurance option is particularly valuable for sectors with well-characterized environmental risks (e.g., petrochemicals, mining, waste management) where actuarial risk assessment supports efficient premium pricing.

The flexibility to choose financial instruments based on business circumstances increases compliance feasibility while maintaining equivalent environmental protection. A small-scale manufacturer might prefer time deposits matching modest restoration risks, while a large mining company might utilize insurance policies covering complex reclamation obligations. This regulatory design accommodates economic diversity while ensuring functional equivalence of financial assurance across instrument types.

Risk-Based Calculation Methodology

The regulation establishes a comprehensive seven-factor methodology for determining guarantee fund amounts, ensuring financial adequacy for anticipated restoration costs.

Pasal 476 Ayat (1): Faktor Perhitungan Besaran Dana

"Besaran dana penjaminan untuk pemulihan fungsi Lingkungan Hidup ditentukan dengan memperhitungkan: a. tipologi dampak dan/atau risiko Lingkungan Hidup yang akan terjadi; b. media Lingkungan Hidup atau sumber daya alam yang akan mengalami Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup dan/atau Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup; c. tingkat/derajat Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup dan/atau Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup yang akan terjadi; d. lamanya Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup dan/atau Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup yang akan terjadi; e. jenis kegiatan penanggulangan Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup dan/atau Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup dan/atau pemulihan fungsi Lingkungan Hidup yang akan dilakukan; f. teknologi penanggulangan Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup dan/atau Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup dan/atau pemulihan fungsi Lingkungan Hidup; dan g. nilai ekonomi sumber daya alam dan/atau Lingkungan Hidup."

Guarantee fund amounts consider: (a) environmental impact/risk typology; (b) affected environmental media or natural resources; (c) pollution/damage severity; (d) pollution/damage duration; (e) mitigation/restoration activity types; (f) mitigation/restoration technology; and (g) economic value of natural resources/environment. This comprehensive methodology ensures funds reflect actual anticipated restoration costs rather than arbitrary fixed amounts.

Impact typology assessment (factor a) recognizes that different pollution types (heavy metal contamination vs. organic waste vs. physical habitat destruction) require fundamentally different restoration approaches with varying cost structures. Affected media assessment (factor b) addresses the cost differential between restoring surface water systems versus groundwater aquifers versus soil ecosystems, each requiring specialized techniques and monitoring. Severity and duration factors (c-d) capture the relationship between contamination intensity, temporal persistence, and restoration complexity and expense.

The inclusion of economic valuation (factor g) represents sophisticated environmental accounting, requiring businesses and regulators to quantify ecosystem service values, biodiversity losses, and natural capital depreciation when determining adequate financial assurance. This factor ensures guarantee funds cover not just remediation costs but compensate for interim ecosystem service losses during restoration periods and residual impairment if full restoration proves technically infeasible.

Pasal 476 Ayat (2): Penetapan oleh Menteri Sektoral

"Besaran dana penjaminan untuk pemulihan fungsi Lingkungan Hidup sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) ditetapkan oleh menteri yang membidangi masing-masing Usaha dan/atau Kegiatan sesuai dengan kewenangan pemberian Perizinan Berusaha setelah berkoordinasi dengan Menteri."

Sectoral ministers determine guarantee fund amounts after coordinating with the Environment and Forestry Minister. This allocation of authority recognizes that different ministries possess specialized expertise regarding industry-specific environmental risks and restoration technologies. The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources understands mining reclamation costs better than KLHK alone, while the Ministry of Industry comprehends manufacturing pollution remediation requirements more deeply. Coordination with KLHK ensures environmental protection standards remain consistent across sectors while allowing sector-specific calculation refinements.

Government-Controlled Fund Release and Third-Party Management

PP 22/2021 establishes strict government authorization requirements for fund access, preventing unauthorized depletion and ensuring restoration fund availability when needed.

Pasal 477 Ayat (1-2): Penggunaan Dana

"(1) Dana penjaminan untuk pemulihan fungsi Lingkungan Hidup sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 472 hanya dapat digunakan oleh Pelaku Usaha berdasarkan keputusan dari Pemerintah atau Pemerintah Daerah sesuai dengan kewenangannya. (2) Penggunaan dana penjaminan untuk pemulihan fungsi Lingkungan Hidup dapat dilakukan oleh pihak ketiga yang ditunjuk oleh Pemerintah atau Pemerintah Daerah sesuai dengan kewenangannya."

Guarantee funds may only be used by businesses based on government authorization. Third parties appointed by government authorities may conduct restoration using the funds. This government-gating mechanism prevents businesses from self-authorizing fund withdrawals for non-restoration purposes or conducting inadequate restoration claiming fund exhaustion. Government verification ensures restoration activities meet regulatory standards and technical specifications before fund release.

The third-party management provision addresses scenarios where businesses lack technical capacity, have ceased operations, or entered bankruptcy, rendering them unable to conduct restoration. Government authorities can engage specialized environmental contractors, engineering firms, or remediation companies to execute restoration using deposited funds, ensuring environmental recovery proceeds regardless of business status. This mechanism proved critical in mining sector reclamation where company bankruptcies frequently left unreclaimed sites that government-managed guarantee funds could address.

Pasal 477 Ayat (4-5): Kewajiban Tambahan dan Pengisian Kembali

"(4) Pelaku Usaha wajib memenuhi kekurangan pembiayaan apabila dana penjaminan untuk pemulihan fungsi Lingkungan Hidup sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) tidak mencukupi. (5) Dalam hal dana penjaminan untuk pemulihan fungsi Lingkungan Hidup sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) sudah digunakan untuk kegiatan penanggulangan Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup dan/atau Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup dan/atau pemulihan fungsi Lingkungan Hidup, Pelaku Usaha wajib menyediakan kembali kecukupan dana penjaminan untuk pemulihan fungsi Lingkungan Hidup."

Businesses must cover financing shortfalls if guarantee funds prove insufficient. After fund use for mitigation or restoration, businesses must reprovision adequate guarantee funds. These unlimited liability and replenishment requirements create powerful incentives for pollution prevention. If a business knows it faces unlimited financial exposure beyond deposited guarantee amounts, investment in pollution control technologies and operational best practices becomes economically rational compared to potential restoration cost liability.

The replenishment obligation ensures continuous environmental financial assurance throughout business operations. If pollution incidents occur requiring fund use during operational phases, businesses cannot continue operating with depleted guarantee fund balances. This requirement maintains consistent environmental risk coverage and prevents moral hazard where businesses might tolerate recurring pollution incidents knowing initial guarantee fund depletion eliminated future restoration obligations.

Non-Exemption from Pollution Prevention Obligations

A critical provision clarifies that guarantee fund provision does not substitute for pollution prevention and environmental management obligations.

Pasal 478: Tidak Membebaskan Kewajiban Pengendalian

"Penyediaan dana penjaminan untuk pemulihan fungsi Lingkungan Hidup sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 477 tidak membebaskan kewajiban Pelaku Usaha untuk melakukan pengendalian Pencemaran Lingkungan Hidup dan/atau Kerusakan Lingkungan Hidup akibat Usaha dan/atau Kegiatan."

Guarantee fund provision does not exempt businesses from obligations to control environmental pollution and/or damage arising from business activities. This provision prevents interpretation that businesses can "pay to pollute" by depositing guarantee funds while neglecting pollution prevention measures. The guarantee fund functions as financial backup for unforeseen incidents or post-operational restoration, not as purchased permission for ongoing environmental degradation.

This non-exemption principle reinforces Indonesia's environmental governance hierarchy prioritizing pollution prevention over remediation. Businesses remain subject to pollution discharge standards, emission limits, waste management requirements, and environmental monitoring obligations regardless of guarantee fund deposits. Regulatory enforcement, administrative sanctions, and criminal penalties for environmental violations apply independently of financial assurance compliance. This dual-obligation structure (prevention + financial assurance) creates comprehensive environmental risk management superior to single-instrument approaches.

Integration with Environmental Approval and Business Licensing

PP 22/2021 embeds guarantee fund requirements within Indonesia's unified environmental and business permitting systems, creating automated compliance verification.

Pasal 475: Pencantuman dalam Persetujuan Lingkungan dan Perizinan Berusaha

"(1) Kewajiban penempatan atau penyediaan dana penjaminan untuk pemulihan fungsi Lingkungan Hidup sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 471 dan Pasal 472: a. dicantumkan dalam Persetujuan Lingkungan; dan b. dimuat di dalam Perizinan Berusaha."

Guarantee fund obligations shall be: (a) stated in Environmental Approvals; and (b) included in Business Licenses. This dual integration creates two compliance checkpoints before business operations commence. Environmental Approval processes (AMDAL or UKL-UPL) assess environmental risks and determine guarantee fund requirements during project planning. Business License issuance through the OSS system verifies guarantee fund deposit before authorizing operations.

The regulatory integration eliminates opportunities for businesses to obtain operational authorization without financial assurance compliance. OSS electronic verification can confirm bank deposit certificates, insurance policy issuance, or bank guarantee establishment before generating Business License documents. This automated compliance architecture is more efficient and reliable than separate permit tracking systems, reducing administrative burden while improving environmental protection outcomes.

Implementation & Compliance

PP 22/2021's environmental guarantee fund requirements apply to all businesses and government agencies holding Environmental Approvals (Persetujuan Lingkungan), which are mandatory for activities with significant environmental impacts requiring AMDAL documentation or medium-impact activities requiring UKL-UPL statements. This broad coverage encompasses manufacturing, mining, infrastructure, plantation, aquaculture, energy, and numerous other sectors. Small-scale businesses with minimal environmental impacts typically exempt from Environmental Approval requirements consequently do not face guarantee fund obligations, focusing financial assurance on operations with meaningful environmental risk.

Businesses must deposit guarantee funds or establish financial instruments before Environmental Approval issuance and Business License generation. The seven-factor calculation methodology (impact typology, affected media, severity, duration, restoration activities, technology, economic value) is applied by sectoral ministries coordinating with KLHK, resulting in sector-specific technical guidelines. For instance, the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources has published detailed reclamation guarantee calculation formulas for mining operations, while KLHK provides guidance for industrial pollution guarantee fund determination.

Fund amounts vary significantly based on project characteristics and environmental risks. Small-scale industrial facilities might deposit guarantee funds equivalent to USD 50,000-200,000, while large mining operations, petrochemical complexes, or major infrastructure projects could require guarantee funds reaching USD 10-100 million or more. The risk-based calculation ensures proportionality between financial assurance and actual restoration obligations, avoiding excessive burdens on low-risk activities while ensuring adequacy for high-risk operations.

Government and regional government infrastructure projects (public works, state-owned enterprise operations) must establish guarantee funds according to state finance regulations, typically through budget appropriations or state-owned bank instruments. This requirement ensures public sector environmental accountability while accommodating unique state finance management rules. The Ministry of Finance and KLHK coordinate on public sector guarantee fund implementation to align environmental assurance with state budget cycles and accountability mechanisms.

Businesses select financial instruments (time deposits, bank guarantees, insurance policies) matching operational cash flow and financial management strategies. Time deposits are prevalent among smaller businesses and projects with clear operational endpoints, providing straightforward administration and interest income. Bank guarantees are favored by large corporations with strong banking relationships seeking to preserve cash liquidity. Insurance policies are gaining adoption in sectors with well-developed environmental risk markets (petrochemicals, mining, hazardous waste management) as specialized environmental insurance products emerge in Indonesia's financial sector.

Government authorization for fund release requires businesses to submit restoration plans, contractor proposals, and technical specifications to environmental authorities. Environmental agencies verify that proposed restoration activities meet regulatory standards and technical adequacy before authorizing fund disbursement. This verification prevents inadequate or fraudulent restoration claiming fund exhaustion. Third-party restoration contractors may be appointed by government when businesses lack capacity or have ceased operations, ensuring restoration proceeds using deposited funds even when businesses cannot execute work.

Compliance monitoring occurs through OSS business licensing system integration and periodic environmental supervision. Environmental authorities track guarantee fund status during routine inspections and can suspend Business Licenses if funds are depleted without replenishment. The replenishment obligation after fund use ensures businesses maintain continuous financial assurance throughout operational life. Administrative sanctions for guarantee fund non-compliance include licensing suspension, operational shutdown orders, and potential criminal prosecution under environmental protection laws.

Conclusion

PP 22/2021's environmental guarantee fund system represents sophisticated environmental fiscal governance operationalizing the "polluter pays principle" through mandatory business financial assurance for pollution mitigation and ecosystem restoration. By requiring upfront fund deposits before Environmental Approval and Business License issuance, the regulation internalizes environmental costs within business economic planning and ensures restoration capacity persists regardless of business financial viability. The seven-factor risk-based calculation methodology, multiple financial instrument options, and government-controlled fund release mechanisms create comprehensive and flexible environmental financial assurance superior to ad hoc sectoral approaches.

The regulation's integration with Indonesia's OSS business licensing system demonstrates effective environmental governance modernization through digital administrative architecture. Automated electronic verification of guarantee fund compliance before permit issuance eliminates manual tracking gaps and reduces corruption opportunities. The non-exemption principle preventing "pay to pollute" interpretations reinforces pollution prevention as the primary environmental governance objective, with financial assurance providing backup capacity rather than operational substitution.

Looking forward, the regulation's effectiveness will depend on sectoral ministries developing technically robust calculation methodologies reflecting actual restoration costs, government banks efficiently managing deposited funds and authorizing legitimate releases, and environmental authorities strictly enforcing replenishment obligations after fund use. The emergence of environmental insurance markets offering competitive premiums will enhance business compliance flexibility while creating actuarial incentives for pollution prevention. Continued refinement of economic valuation methodologies for natural resources and ecosystem services will strengthen guarantee fund adequacy calculations, ensuring funds cover full restoration costs including interim ecosystem service losses. Indonesia's environmental guarantee fund system provides a model for comprehensive environmental financial assurance balancing environmental protection, business feasibility, and fiscal accountability.

Official Source

This article analyzes Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 on the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management (PP 22/2021), specifically Chapter VIII (Articles 471-479) on Environmental Restoration Guarantee Funds.

The official regulation text can be accessed at:

Primary Source:
PP No. 22 Tahun 2021 - JDIH BPK

Alternative Sources:
- JDIH Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan
- Database Peraturan - JDIH Nasional

Official Gazette: Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2021 Nomor 32

Related Regulations:
- UU No. 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (Environmental Protection and Management Law)
- PP No. 27 Tahun 2012 tentang Izin Lingkungan (Environmental Permits) - superseded by PP 22/2021

Disclaimer

This article was AI-generated under an experimental legal-AI application. It may contain errors, inaccuracies, or hallucinations. The content is provided for informational purposes only and should not be relied upon as legal advice or authoritative interpretation of regulations.

We accept no liability whatsoever for any decisions made based on this article. Readers are strongly advised to:
- Consult the official regulation text from government sources
- Seek professional legal counsel for specific matters
- Verify all information independently

This experimental AI application is designed to improve access to regulatory information, but accuracy cannot be guaranteed.

Disclaimer

This article was AI-generated under an experimental legal-AI application. It may contain errors, inaccuracies, or hallucinations. The content is provided for informational purposes only and should not be relied upon as legal advice or authoritative interpretation of regulations.

We accept no liability whatsoever for any decisions made based on this article. Readers are strongly advised to:

• Consult the official regulation text from government sources
• Seek professional legal counsel for specific matters
• Verify all information independently

This experimental AI application is designed to improve access to regulatory information, but accuracy cannot be guaranteed.