How Does Perpres 83/2024 Establish the National Nutrition Agency?

Presidential Regulation Number 83 of 2024 (Perpres 83/2024) represents a structural reconfiguration of Indonesia's nutrition governance framework. Enacted on August 15, 2024, this regulation establishes Badan Gizi Nasional (National Nutrition Agency) as a non-ministerial government institution (Lembaga Pemerintah Non-Kementerian, LPNK) operating under direct presidential authority. This regulatory instrument marks a strategic separation of nutrition security functions from food security administration, previously consolidated under Badan Pangan Nasional pursuant to Perpres 66/2021. The establishment responds to constitutional mandates for human resources development through optimized nutritional fulfillment, reflecting Article 4 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution regarding presidential authority to implement fundamental human rights guarantees.

The regulation operates within Indonesia's evolving nutrition security architecture, where persistent malnutrition indicators—including stunting prevalence of 21.6 percent among children under five as of 2023—necessitate dedicated institutional mechanisms. Perpres 83/2024 creates specialized organizational capacity for nutrition interventions targeting priority demographic groups: students across educational levels, children under five years, pregnant women, and lactating mothers. This institutional design acknowledges nutrition as a distinct policy domain requiring coordinated intervention systems separate from agricultural production and food availability mechanisms managed by existing food security agencies. The regulation's implementation began with the presidential inauguration of Dadan Hindayana as the first Agency Head on August 19, 2024.

Perpres 83/2024 comprises 61 articles organized across ten chapters addressing institutional establishment, organizational structure, functional mandates, steering governance, operational procedures, personnel management, budgetary provisions, transitional arrangements, and revocation clauses. The regulation's legal foundation rests on Article 4 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution, which vests the President with governmental authority to implement constitutional provisions, including the fundamental right to adequate nutrition as derived from human rights guarantees in Article 28H paragraph (1). This regulatory framework operationalizes nutrition security as a state obligation requiring dedicated institutional architecture beyond sectoral ministerial portfolios.

The National Nutrition Mandate: Addressing Nutritional Vulnerability

Perpres 83/2024 establishes Badan Gizi Nasional with a singular core mandate articulated in Pasal 3, which states: "Badan Gizi Nasional mempunyai tugas melaksanakan pemenuhan gizi nasional" (The National Nutrition Agency has the duty to implement national nutrition fulfillment). This concise mandate specification provides broad operational scope for comprehensive nutrition interventions while maintaining strategic focus on nutritional adequacy rather than food production or agricultural systems. The terminology "pemenuhan gizi nasional" (national nutrition fulfillment) encompasses preventive, corrective, and promotive nutrition strategies across the life cycle, distinguishing this mandate from food availability concerns managed by separate agencies.

The regulation defines four priority target groups for nutrition interventions in Pasal 5 paragraph (1): "Sasaran pemenuhan gizi sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 3 diberikan kepada: a. peserta didik pada jenjang pendidikan anak usia dini, pendidikan dasar, dan pendidikan menengah di lingkungan pendidikan umum, pendidikan kejuruan, pendidikan keagamaan, pendidikan khusus, pendidikan layanan khusus, dan pendidikan pesantren; b. anak usia di bawah 5 (lima) tahun; c. ibu hamil; dan d. ibu menyusui" (Nutrition fulfillment targets as referred to in Article 3 are provided to: a. students at early childhood education, basic education, and secondary education levels in general education, vocational education, religious education, special education, special service education, and pesantren education; b. children under 5 years of age; c. pregnant women; and d. lactating mothers).

These target specifications reflect evidence-based prioritization of populations experiencing heightened nutritional vulnerability during critical developmental windows. The first 1,000 days of life—encompassing pregnancy through age two—constitute the most critical period for nutritional interventions affecting long-term cognitive development, physical growth, and chronic disease susceptibility. School-age children represent a strategic intervention point for establishing healthy dietary patterns and addressing micronutrient deficiencies affecting learning capacity. Pregnant and lactating women require enhanced nutritional intake to support fetal development and infant nutrition through breastfeeding, with maternal nutritional status directly influencing child health outcomes.

Pasal 5 paragraph (2) grants the President authority to modify target group specifications: "Perubahan sasaran pemenuhan gizi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) ditetapkan oleh Presiden" (Changes to nutrition fulfillment targets as referred to in paragraph (1) are determined by the President). This flexibility mechanism enables adaptive targeting responsive to evolving epidemiological patterns, nutritional surveillance data, or policy priorities without requiring comprehensive regulatory amendment. Such provisions acknowledge that nutrition challenges vary across demographic segments and geographic regions, necessitating responsive institutional capacity.

The nutrition fulfillment mandate encompasses multiple intervention modalities beyond direct food provision. These include nutrition education and behavior change communication, micronutrient supplementation programs, growth monitoring and promotion systems, management of acute malnutrition cases, dietary diversification initiatives, and nutritional quality standards for food assistance programs. The comprehensive scope positions Badan Gizi Nasional as a coordinating authority capable of integrating nutrition considerations across sectoral policies including health services, education systems, social protection programs, and agricultural development.

Table 1: Priority Target Groups for National Nutrition Interventions

The institutional positioning of Badan Gizi Nasional under direct presidential authority reflects the constitutional significance of nutrition security. Pasal 2 paragraph (2) specifies: "Badan Gizi Nasional sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) berada di bawah dan bertanggung jawab kepada Presiden" (The National Nutrition Agency as referred to in paragraph (1) is under and responsible to the President). This structural arrangement provides direct reporting lines to the highest executive authority, ensuring nutrition policy receives strategic attention comparable to national security, economic management, and other presidential priorities. The LPNK status grants operational autonomy while maintaining accountability through presidential oversight.

The regulation's preamble contextualizes this mandate within human rights frameworks, stating that nutrition fulfillment constitutes "perwujudan hak asasi manusia sebagaimana yang dijamin dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945" (the realization of human rights as guaranteed in the 1945 Constitution). This constitutional grounding establishes nutrition not merely as a development objective but as a fundamental entitlement requiring state action. The human rights framing obligates the government to progressively realize adequate nutrition access for all citizens, particularly vulnerable populations facing systemic barriers to nutritional adequacy.

The Agency Structure: Leadership and Organizational Framework

Perpres 83/2024 establishes a dual-structure organizational architecture comprising Dewan Pengarah (Steering Council) and Pelaksana (Executive/Implementing Body). This governance model separates strategic direction from operational execution, creating checks and balances within the agency's internal structure. Pasal 6 specifies: "Susunan organisasi Badan Gizi Nasional terdiri atas: a. Dewan Pengarah; dan b. Pelaksana" (The organizational structure of the National Nutrition Agency consists of: a. Steering Council; and b. Executive Body). This bifurcated design reflects governance practices in several Indonesian LPNKs where high-level councils provide policy guidance while professional executives manage daily operations.

The Steering Council comprises three leadership tiers defined in Pasal 7: "Dewan Pengarah sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 6 huruf a terdiri atas: a. Ketua; b. Wakil Ketua; dan c. Anggota" (The Steering Council as referred to in Article 6 letter a consists of: a. Chairman; b. Vice Chairman; and c. Members). Pasal 8 paragraph (2) specifies membership composition: "Anggota sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) huruf c terdiri dari tokoh kenegaraan, tokoh agama, tokoh masyarakat, purnawirawan TNI/Polri, pensiunan Pegawai Negeri Sipil, dan akademisi" (Members as referred to in paragraph (1) letter c consist of state figures, religious figures, community leaders, retired TNI/Polri officers, retired civil servants, and academics). This diverse membership structure incorporates stakeholder representation from governmental, military, religious, civil society, and academic sectors.

The Steering Council's functional mandate, articulated in Pasal 9 paragraph (1), states: "Dewan Pengarah mempunyai tugas memberikan arahan kepada Pelaksana dalam penyelenggaraan pemenuhan gizi nasional" (The Steering Council has the duty to provide direction to the Executive Body in implementing national nutrition fulfillment). This advisory function positions the council as a strategic oversight mechanism ensuring that operational decisions align with broader policy objectives and stakeholder interests. The council structure enables incorporation of diverse expertise including public health, nutrition science, food systems, education policy, and community development perspectives into agency governance.

The Executive Body implements the agency's operational functions through a hierarchical structure detailed in Pasal 10 paragraph (1): "Pelaksana sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 6 huruf b terdiri atas: a. Kepala; b. Wakil Kepala; c. Sekretariat Utama; d. Deputi Bidang Sistem dan Tata Kelola; e. Deputi Bidang Penyediaan dan Penyaluran; f. Deputi Bidang Promosi dan Kerja Sama; g. Deputi Bidang Pemantauan dan Pengawasan; dan h. Inspektorat Utama" (The Executive Body as referred to in Article 6 letter b consists of: a. Head; b. Deputy Head; c. Main Secretariat; d. Deputy for Systems and Governance; e. Deputy for Provision and Distribution; f. Deputy for Promotion and Cooperation; g. Deputy for Monitoring and Supervision; and h. Main Inspectorate).

This eight-unit structure reflects functional specialization across nutrition program implementation phases. The Main Secretariat provides administrative, financial, human resources, and legal support services. Four operational deputies manage distinct technical domains: Systems and Governance establishes institutional frameworks and management systems; Provision and Distribution handles nutrition commodity procurement, warehousing, and delivery logistics; Promotion and Cooperation develops behavior change communication and stakeholder partnerships; Monitoring and Supervision conducts program performance assessment and quality assurance. The Main Inspectorate serves internal oversight functions including auditing, compliance review, and accountability mechanisms.

The Head (Kepala) serves as the chief executive officer responsible for all agency operations. Pasal 11 paragraph (1) defines this role: "Kepala merupakan unsur pimpinan yang bertanggung jawab atas pelaksanaan tugas dan fungsi Badan Gizi Nasional" (The Head is the leadership element responsible for implementing the tasks and functions of the National Nutrition Agency). This provision vests full operational authority in a single executive position accountable to the President. The inaugural Head, Dadan Hindayana, was sworn in by President Joko Widodo on August 19, 2024, marking the formal operationalization of the agency. Hindayana brings experience from academic and development sectors, reflecting the technical expertise required for nutrition policy leadership.

Table 2: Organizational Structure of Badan Gizi Nasional

The regulation provides for presidential appointments across leadership positions. Pasal 8 paragraph (1) states that the Steering Council's Chairman, Vice Chairman, and Members are appointed and dismissed by the President. Similarly, Pasal 11 paragraph (2) specifies that the Head is "diangkat dan diberhentikan oleh Presiden" (appointed and dismissed by the President). These appointment provisions ensure political accountability and alignment with presidential priorities, while enabling selection of individuals with requisite expertise in nutrition, public health, and public administration.

The organizational structure enables matrix management approaches where programs require cross-functional coordination. For example, school feeding initiatives involve Provision and Distribution deputies for meal supply chains, Promotion and Cooperation deputies for nutrition education components, and Monitoring and Supervision deputies for impact assessment. This integrated structure supports holistic program design addressing multiple determinants of nutritional outcomes including food access, knowledge, behavior, and service quality.

Pasal 15 paragraph (2) addresses organizational elaboration: "Ketentuan lebih lanjut mengenai organisasi dan tata kerja Badan Gizi Nasional diatur dengan Peraturan Presiden" (Further provisions regarding the organization and work procedures of the National Nutrition Agency are regulated by Presidential Regulation). This delegated authority enables subsequent detailed specifications of unit responsibilities, staffing structures, coordination mechanisms, and operational protocols through implementing regulations without amending the foundational statute. Such flexibility accommodates organizational adjustments responsive to implementation experience.

The Core Functions: Nutrition Policy and Intervention Programs

Perpres 83/2024 enumerates seven core functions for Badan Gizi Nasional in Pasal 4, establishing a comprehensive mandate spanning policy development, program implementation, coordination, and oversight. The first function addresses policy formulation: "koordinasi, perumusan, dan penetapan kebijakan teknis di bidang sistem dan tata kelola, penyediaan dan penyaluran, promosi dan kerja sama, serta pemantauan dan pengawasan pemenuhan gizi nasional" (coordination, formulation, and establishment of technical policies in the areas of systems and governance, provision and distribution, promotion and cooperation, as well as monitoring and supervision of national nutrition fulfillment). This provision positions the agency as Indonesia's primary technical authority for nutrition policy across four operational domains.

The policy formulation function encompasses regulatory development, standard-setting, guideline preparation, and technical protocol establishment. In systems and governance, this includes information management frameworks, performance monitoring systems, and institutional coordination mechanisms. For provision and distribution, policies address procurement standards, quality specifications for nutrition commodities, supply chain management protocols, and distribution targeting criteria. Promotion and cooperation policies cover behavior change communication strategies, nutrition education curricula, community engagement approaches, and partnership frameworks. Monitoring and supervision policies establish performance indicators, evaluation methodologies, quality assurance procedures, and accountability mechanisms.

The second function addresses policy implementation: "koordinasi dan pelaksanaan kebijakan teknis di bidang sistem dan tata kelola, penyediaan dan penyaluran, promosi dan kerja sama, serta pemantauan dan pengawasan pemenuhan gizi nasional" (coordination and implementation of technical policies in the areas of systems and governance, provision and distribution, promotion and cooperation, as well as monitoring and supervision of national nutrition fulfillment). This operational mandate requires translating policy frameworks into program activities including nutrition commodity procurement and distribution, behavior change campaigns, growth monitoring systems, micronutrient supplementation initiatives, and program performance assessment.

The third function establishes internal coordination authority: "koordinasi pelaksanaan tugas, pembinaan, dan pemberian dukungan administrasi kepada seluruh unsur organisasi di lingkungan Badan Gizi Nasional" (coordination of task implementation, supervision, and provision of administrative support to all organizational units within the National Nutrition Agency). This provision creates an integrative mechanism ensuring coherent operations across the agency's eight organizational units. Internal coordination prevents siloed approaches where different deputies pursue parallel activities without strategic alignment or resource optimization.

The fourth function addresses asset management: "pengelolaan barang milik/kekayaan negara yang menjadi tanggung jawab Badan Gizi Nasional" (management of state property/assets that are the responsibility of the National Nutrition Agency). This encompasses facilities, equipment, vehicles, warehouses, information systems, and other capital assets required for program implementation. Proper asset management ensures accountability for public resources while maintaining operational capacity through maintenance, inventory control, and depreciation planning.

The fifth function concerns substantive support: "pelaksanaan pembinaan substantif di lingkungan Badan Gizi Nasional" (implementation of substantive supervision within the National Nutrition Agency). This function addresses technical capacity building for agency staff through training programs, technical assistance, knowledge management systems, and professional development initiatives. Substantive supervision ensures that personnel possess requisite competencies in nutrition science, program management, monitoring and evaluation, and sectoral coordination.

The sixth function establishes internal oversight: "pengawasan atas pelaksanaan tugas di lingkungan Badan Gizi Nasional" (supervision over task implementation within the National Nutrition Agency). This accountability mechanism operates through the Main Inspectorate conducting internal audits, compliance reviews, performance assessments, and investigation of irregularities. Internal oversight prevents mismanagement, corruption, and operational deviations while identifying improvement opportunities.

The seventh function provides residual authority: "pelaksanaan fungsi lain yang diberikan oleh Presiden" (implementation of other functions assigned by the President). This provision grants the President discretion to assign additional responsibilities responsive to emerging priorities or unforeseen circumstances. Such flexibility enables adaptive governance where the agency can assume new mandates without requiring regulatory amendment, acknowledging that nutrition challenges evolve with demographic, epidemiological, and economic transitions.

Table 3: Seven Core Functions of Badan Gizi Nasional

These seven functions create a comprehensive institutional mandate spanning the full program cycle from policy formulation through implementation, monitoring, and accountability. The functional architecture enables both top-down policy direction and bottom-up program delivery, ensuring that national nutrition strategies translate into tangible interventions reaching target populations. The inclusion of coordination functions (appearing in three of seven mandates) emphasizes the cross-sectoral nature of nutrition security requiring integration across health, education, agriculture, and social protection systems.

The regulation's functional specifications reflect international best practices in nutrition governance. The Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Movement framework emphasizes multisectoral coordination, political commitment, and stakeholder engagement—elements embedded in Badan Gizi Nasional's promotion and cooperation mandate. The agency's monitoring and supervision functions align with WHO guidance on nutrition surveillance systems requiring routine data collection, analysis, and use for program improvement. The systems and governance focus addresses institutional capacity gaps that historically undermined Indonesia's nutrition programming through fragmented responsibilities across multiple ministries.

Implementation of these functions requires substantial operational capacity including technical expertise, information systems, logistics infrastructure, and financial resources. The regulation authorizes budget allocations in Pasal 57: "Segala biaya yang timbul sebagai akibat pelaksanaan Peraturan Presiden ini dibebankan pada Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara, Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah, dan sumber lain yang sah dan tidak mengikat sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan" (All costs arising from the implementation of this Presidential Regulation are charged to the State Budget, Regional Budgets, and other legal and non-binding sources in accordance with statutory provisions). This multi-source financing model enables flexible resource mobilization including national budget appropriations, regional government contributions, and development partner support.

The Coordination Mechanism: Relationship with National Food Agency

Perpres 83/2024 establishes Badan Gizi Nasional as a distinct institution from Badan Pangan Nasional (National Food Agency), creating specialized organizational capacity for nutrition security separate from food security management. This institutional separation recognizes that while food availability constitutes a necessary precondition for adequate nutrition, nutritional adequacy requires interventions beyond agricultural production and commodity distribution. The regulation does not explicitly detail inter-agency coordination protocols, but the functional division reflects international recognition that nutrition requires multisectoral approaches integrating health services, education, water and sanitation, social protection, and agriculture.

The delineation between food security and nutrition security mandates reflects different policy objectives and intervention modalities. Food security focuses on availability, accessibility, affordability, and stability of food supplies—primarily agricultural and trade policy domains. Nutrition security encompasses dietary quality, nutrient adequacy, feeding practices, disease management, and care behaviors—requiring health, education, and social welfare interventions. Badan Pangan Nasional, established under Perpres 66/2021, manages rice and other staple commodity reserves, price stabilization, food distribution logistics, and agricultural market interventions. Badan Gizi Nasional addresses nutritional quality, micronutrient adequacy, feeding behavior, and vulnerability targeting.

Coordination between the two agencies becomes critical in programs where food provision serves nutrition objectives. School feeding programs exemplify this intersection: Badan Pangan Nasional may manage rice procurement and supply chain logistics, while Badan Gizi Nasional establishes nutritional standards, menu specifications, and dietary quality requirements. Food assistance programs for pregnant women require coordination where food commodity provision (Badan Pangan) meets nutritional counseling and growth monitoring (Badan Gizi). The regulation's promotion and cooperation function enables such inter-agency collaboration through partnership frameworks.

The regulation emphasizes coordination as a recurring function, mentioning "koordinasi" (coordination) three times in Pasal 4's functional enumeration. This repetition signals that coordination constitutes a core organizational competency rather than peripheral activity. The agency must coordinate externally with line ministries, sub-national governments, civil society organizations, development partners, and private sector entities. Internally, coordination integrates activities across the four operational deputies and supporting units. Effective coordination mechanisms—including joint planning, information sharing, complementary programming, and dispute resolution procedures—determine implementation success.

Pasal 57's multi-source financing provision creates additional coordination requirements. When programs draw on State Budget (APBN), Regional Budgets (APBD), and external sources simultaneously, coordination mechanisms must align funding streams with programmatic activities, prevent duplication, ensure complementarity, and maintain accountability across multiple fiscal authorities. The provision for regional budget contributions acknowledges that nutrition program implementation occurs primarily at sub-national levels requiring provincial and district government participation.

Table 4: Institutional Coordination Framework for Nutrition Security

The relationship with Ministry of Health requires particular attention given substantial overlap in nutrition programming. Health facilities serve as primary delivery platforms for nutrition interventions including growth monitoring, micronutrient supplementation, management of acute malnutrition, and infant and young child feeding counseling. The regulation does not specify jurisdictional boundaries between Badan Gizi Nasional and Ministry of Health, creating potential for coordination challenges or overlapping mandates. Subsequent implementing regulations must clarify functional delineation, possibly positioning Badan Gizi Nasional as a policy and coordination authority while Ministry of Health continues service delivery through its health system infrastructure.

Similar coordination requirements exist with Ministry of Education for school-based nutrition programs, Ministry of Social Affairs for nutrition components in social protection schemes, Ministry of Villages for rural nutrition initiatives, and Ministry of Home Affairs for sub-national government engagement. The cross-cutting nature of nutrition security necessitates coordination mechanisms more extensive than typical sectoral programs. The Steering Council's diverse membership composition serves as one coordination mechanism, incorporating perspectives from multiple stakeholder groups into strategic guidance.

International experience demonstrates that nutrition governance architectures often struggle with coordination challenges. Countries with multiple agencies addressing nutrition sometimes experience fragmented programming, duplicated efforts, accountability gaps, and inefficient resource allocation. Peru's experience with MIDIS (Ministry of Development and Social Inclusion) coordinating multisectoral nutrition efforts through convergence platforms offers relevant lessons for Indonesia's dual-agency model. Effective coordination requires clear mandate delineation, formal coordination protocols, joint planning processes, integrated information systems, and political commitment to collaboration over institutional competition.

The Partial Revocation: Nutrition Functions from Perpres 66/2021

Perpres 83/2024 partially revokes provisions of Perpres 66/2021 concerning Badan Pangan Nasional, specifically extracting nutrition security functions previously embedded within the food security agency. Pasal 61 paragraph (1) states: "Pada saat Peraturan Presiden ini mulai berlaku, ketentuan dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor 66 Tahun 2021 tentang Badan Pangan Nasional (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2021 Nomor 112) mengenai tugas dan fungsi di bidang kerawanan gizi dicabut dan dinyatakan tidak berlaku" (When this Presidential Regulation comes into effect, the provisions in Presidential Regulation Number 66 of 2021 concerning the National Food Agency [State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Year 2021 Number 112] regarding duties and functions in the field of nutrition vulnerability are revoked and declared invalid).

This partial revocation specifically targets "tugas dan fungsi di bidang kerawanan gizi" (duties and functions in the field of nutrition vulnerability), indicating that Perpres 66/2021 remains operative for Badan Pangan Nasional's food security mandate while nutrition responsibilities transfer to the newly established Badan Gizi Nasional. The term "kerawanan gizi" (nutrition vulnerability or nutrition insecurity) encompasses conditions where populations face inadequate nutrient intake, micronutrient deficiencies, or food consumption patterns insufficient for health and development. This terminology aligns with international food security frameworks distinguishing food availability from nutritional adequacy.

Pasal 55 addresses the operational transition: "Pada saat Peraturan Presiden ini mulai berlaku, pelaksanaan tugas dan fungsi kerawanan gizi yang dilaksanakan oleh Deputi Bidang Kerawanan Pangan dan Gizi pada Badan Pangan Nasional sebagaimana diatur dalam Peraturan Presiden Nomor 66 Tahun 2021 tentang Badan Pangan Nasional, beralih menjadi tugas dan fungsi Badan Gizi Nasional" (When this Presidential Regulation comes into effect, the implementation of nutrition vulnerability duties and functions carried out by the Deputy for Food and Nutrition Vulnerability at the National Food Agency as regulated in Presidential Regulation Number 66 of 2021 concerning the National Food Agency, are transferred to become the duties and functions of the National Nutrition Agency).

This transition provision identifies the specific organizational unit affected: Deputi Bidang Kerawanan Pangan dan Gizi (Deputy for Food and Nutrition Vulnerability) within Badan Pangan Nasional. This deputy position previously managed both food vulnerability (risk of inadequate food access) and nutrition vulnerability (risk of inadequate nutrient intake). The regulation separates these functions, with nutrition vulnerability transferring entirely to Badan Gizi Nasional while food vulnerability presumably remains with Badan Pangan Nasional under a restructured mandate.

Pasal 60 addresses implementing regulations: "Pada saat Peraturan Presiden ini mulai berlaku, semua peraturan perundang-undangan yang merupakan peraturan pelaksanaan dari Peraturan Presiden Nomor 66 Tahun 2021 tentang Badan Pangan Nasional, yang berkaitan dengan ketentuan tentang tugas dan fungsi di bidang kerawanan gizi dinyatakan tetap berlaku sepanjang tidak bertentangan dengan ketentuan dalam Peraturan Presiden ini" (When this Presidential Regulation comes into effect, all statutory regulations that constitute implementing regulations of Presidential Regulation Number 66 of 2021 concerning the National Food Agency, relating to provisions about duties and functions in the field of nutrition vulnerability remain valid insofar as they do not conflict with the provisions in this Presidential Regulation).

This continuity provision ensures legal certainty during the transition period, allowing existing operational protocols, technical guidelines, and administrative procedures to continue functioning until replaced by regulations specific to Badan Gizi Nasional. The qualification "sepanjang tidak bertentangan" (insofar as they do not conflict) creates a hierarchy where Perpres 83/2024 supersedes inconsistent provisions while preserving compatible elements. This approach prevents regulatory vacuums that could disrupt ongoing nutrition programs during institutional reorganization.

Table 5: Transitional Provisions for Nutrition Functions from Badan Pangan Nasional

The partial revocation reflects a strategic recalibration of institutional mandates based on recognition that food security and nutrition security, while related, require distinct governance approaches. Perpres 66/2021 consolidated food and nutrition functions under a single agency, potentially reflecting assumptions that adequate food availability would automatically translate to nutritional adequacy. However, global evidence demonstrates that food availability does not ensure optimal nutrition—factors including dietary diversity, feeding practices, disease burden, water and sanitation conditions, and care behaviors significantly influence nutritional outcomes independent of food supply.

The separation enables specialized organizational capacity with distinct competencies. Badan Pangan Nasional can focus on agricultural commodity management, market stabilization, price policy, and strategic food reserves—primarily supply-side interventions. Badan Gizi Nasional develops demand-side and utilization-focused interventions including behavior change communication, micronutrient supplementation, growth monitoring, nutrition education, and quality standards for prepared foods. This functional specialization aligns with international nutrition governance trends favoring dedicated nutrition agencies or councils separate from agricultural or food ministries.

The timing of this institutional restructuring—occurring in August 2024 shortly before Indonesia's October 2024 presidential transition—raises questions about implementation continuity. Major organizational changes during transition periods sometimes face challenges including incomplete staffing, uncertain budget allocations, and shifting political priorities under new administrations. However, the regulation's direct presidential authority positioning and Pasal 4's residual function allowing presidential assignment of additional responsibilities provide flexibility for the incoming administration to shape the agency's operational priorities.

Personnel transitions constitute a critical implementation challenge not explicitly addressed in the regulation. Staff previously assigned to nutrition functions within Badan Pangan Nasional require administrative mechanisms for transfer to Badan Gizi Nasional, including position mapping, contract continuity, and benefit preservation. The absence of detailed personnel transition provisions in Perpres 83/2024 necessitates subsequent implementing decrees addressing civil service transfers, temporary assignments, and recruitment of additional technical specialists to build comprehensive nutrition programming capacity.

Budget transitions pose similar complexities. Nutrition programs previously funded through Badan Pangan Nasional budget lines require reallocation to Badan Gizi Nasional's separate budget. Multi-year programs with commitments extending beyond the 2024 fiscal year need mechanisms ensuring continuity without funding gaps. The regulation's authorization for State Budget financing provides legal foundation for appropriations, but actual budget formulation occurs through annual budget processes involving Ministry of Finance negotiations and legislative approval.

The regulation does not address asset transfers, creating ambiguity about ownership of facilities, equipment, vehicles, and information systems previously used for nutrition programs under Badan Pangan Nasional. Warehouses storing nutrition commodities, vehicles for distribution logistics, computers for monitoring systems, and office facilities housing nutrition staff all require clear transfer protocols. Subsequent implementing regulations must address these operational details to ensure functional continuity during institutional restructuring.

Conclusion

Perpres 83/2024 represents a significant institutional reform in Indonesia's nutrition governance architecture, establishing Badan Gizi Nasional as a specialized LPNK with comprehensive mandate for national nutrition fulfillment. The regulation creates an organizational structure comprising steering governance and operational execution units, enumerates seven core functions spanning policy formulation through accountability, and specifies four priority target groups experiencing heightened nutritional vulnerability. The partial revocation of nutrition functions from Badan Pangan Nasional reflects strategic recognition that nutrition security requires dedicated institutional capacity separate from food security management, enabling specialized programming addressing dietary quality, feeding behaviors, and multisectoral coordination beyond commodity supply chains.

The regulation's implementation success depends on several critical factors including inter-agency coordination mechanisms with Badan Pangan Nasional and line ministries, adequate budget appropriations, recruitment of technical expertise, development of implementing regulations detailing operational protocols, and political commitment sustained beyond the initial establishment period. The dual-structure governance model separating strategic direction through the Steering Council from operational management through the Executive Body provides checks and balances while enabling stakeholder participation. The enumerated functions create comprehensive mandate spanning the program cycle, though effectiveness ultimately depends on organizational capacity, resource adequacy, and coordination effectiveness.

The institutional positioning under direct presidential authority grants Badan Gizi Nasional strategic significance comparable to other national priorities, potentially enhancing political visibility and resource mobilization for nutrition programming. However, this positioning also creates dependency on presidential attention, which may fluctuate with administration changes or competing priorities. The regulation's flexibility provisions—including presidential authority to modify target groups and assign additional functions—enable adaptive governance responsive to evolving nutrition challenges, demographic transitions, and implementation experience.

Perpres 83/2024 operationalizes nutrition as a fundamental human right requiring state action, grounding the institutional mandate in constitutional obligations rather than discretionary development programming. This human rights framing establishes nutrition security as a core governmental responsibility with corresponding accountability requirements. The target group specifications prioritize populations during critical developmental windows where nutritional interventions yield highest returns—the first 1,000 days of life for long-term cognitive and physical development, and school-age periods for establishing healthy dietary patterns. The inclusive education sector targeting encompasses diverse learning environments including general, vocational, religious, special, and pesantren education, reflecting Indonesia's pluralistic education system.

Implementation will require substantial capacity building across technical, managerial, and coordination competencies. Technical expertise encompasses nutrition science, public health, food systems, behavior change communication, supply chain management, monitoring and evaluation, and program design. Managerial capacity includes strategic planning, budget formulation, performance management, human resources administration, and stakeholder coordination. Coordination competencies involve inter-agency collaboration, multisectoral program design, partnership development, and conflict resolution. The regulation provides legal foundation, but translating statutory provisions into functional programming delivering nutritional improvements for vulnerable populations remains the ultimate test of institutional effectiveness.

Disclaimer: This article is AI-generated and intended for informational purposes only. Readers should verify all regulatory provisions by consulting the official text of Perpres 83/2024 available through Indonesia's legal database (peraturan.bpk.go.id) and seek qualified legal advice for authoritative interpretation. This analysis reflects regulatory content as of the August 15, 2024 enactment date; subsequent implementing regulations may modify operational provisions.

Source: Presidential Regulation Number 83 of 2024 concerning National Nutrition Agency (Peraturan Presiden Nomor 83 Tahun 2024 tentang Badan Gizi Nasional). Official reference: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/295857

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