Indonesia's Environmental Information System: The SILH Digital Infrastructure for Environmental Governance Under PP 22/2021
Executive Summary
Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 (PP 22/2021) mandates a comprehensive digital infrastructure for environmental governance in Indonesia through the Environmental Information System (Sistem Informasi Lingkungan Hidup, or SILH). This integrated electronic platform serves as the backbone for environmental document processing, compliance monitoring, and public information access across all levels of government.
The regulation establishes seven interconnected subsystems within SILH: environmental document information, environmental approval reporting, environmental status, B3 waste management, environmental risk maps, supervision and administrative sanctions, and other environmental information. Each subsystem serves specific functions while sharing data across the integrated platform. This architecture enables comprehensive environmental governance where permit applications, compliance reports, enforcement actions, and environmental conditions are tracked within a unified digital ecosystem.
Understanding the SILH framework is essential for project proponents, compliance managers, and government officials. The system handles everything from AMDAL and UKL-UPL document submission to self-monitoring report filing and compliance status tracking. Digital transformation of environmental governance means that effective engagement with Indonesia's environmental regulatory system increasingly requires proficiency with the SILH platform.
Background & Context
Environmental governance traditionally relied on paper-based processes distributed across multiple government agencies at central, provincial, and district levels. This fragmented approach created inefficiencies, limited transparency, and hindered comprehensive environmental monitoring. Project proponents navigated different systems at each government level, while regulators lacked consolidated data for effective oversight.
PP 22/2021 addresses these challenges by mandating an integrated electronic system that connects environmental governance across all government levels. The Environmental Information System consolidates document processing, compliance tracking, and environmental monitoring into a single platform accessible to government, businesses, and the public. This integration supports Indonesia's broader e-government initiatives while specifically addressing environmental governance needs.
The system builds on earlier digitalization efforts but establishes comprehensive coverage of environmental information types. Where previous systems addressed specific functions, the SILH framework creates a unified architecture where environmental documents, compliance reports, quality data, and enforcement information flow through interconnected subsystems. This enables cross-functional analysis and comprehensive environmental management.
Integration with Indonesia's Online Single Submission (OSS) business licensing system means that SILH is embedded in broader regulatory infrastructure. Environmental approval processes now connect directly to business licensing, creating seamless workflows for permit applicants while ensuring environmental compliance verification occurs within the licensing pathway.
Key Provisions
Seven-Subsystem Architecture
The regulation establishes seven subsystems that together form the comprehensive Environmental Information System.
Pasal 480:
"(1) Menteri, gubernur, atau bupati/wali kota sesuai dengan kewenangannya menyediakan informasi melalui Sistem Informasi Lingkungan Hidup. (2) Sistem Informasi Lingkungan Hidup sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dikembangkan terintegrasi secara elektronik yang terdiri atas sistem informasi: a. dokumen Lingkungan Hidup; b. pelaporan Persetujuan Lingkungan; c. status Lingkungan Hidup; d. Pengelolaan Limbah B3; e. peta rawan lingkungan; f. pengawasan dan penerapan Sanksi Administratif; dan g. informasi Lingkungan Hidup lainnya."
The Minister, governors, and regents/mayors each provide information through SILH according to their jurisdictional authority. The system is developed as an integrated electronic platform comprising seven subsystems: environmental documents, environmental approval reporting, environmental status, B3 waste management, environmental risk maps, supervision and administrative sanctions, and other environmental information. This comprehensive scope ensures that virtually all environmental governance functions operate through the unified platform.
Environmental Document System Purpose and Components
The environmental document subsystem serves as the primary interface for environmental approval processes, designed to streamline document preparation, submission, and examination.
Pasal 481:
"(1) Sistem informasi dokumen Lingkungan Hidup sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 480 ayat (2) huruf a bertujuan: a. mempermudah proses pelayanan dokumen Lingkungan Hidup bagi Setiap Orang; b. mempermudah penyusunan dokumen Lingkungan Hidup; c. mempercepat proses penilaian dan pemeriksaan dokumen Lingkungan Hidup; d. mempermudah dalam pelacakan data bagi masyarakat, penanggung jawab Usaha dan/atau Kegiatan, dan pemerintah; e. membantu pengambilan keputusan dalam penentuan kelayakan/ketidaklayakan Lingkungan Hidup terhadap suatu rencana usaha dan/atau kegiatan; dan f. memfasilitasi keterbukaan informasi publik dalam proses penilaian dan pemeriksaan dokumen Lingkungan Hidup."
The document system aims to facilitate document services, simplify document preparation, accelerate assessment and examination processes, enable data tracking for the public, proponents, and government, support feasibility decision-making, and facilitate public information access. These objectives reflect both service improvement and transparency goals. The system includes public services, an environmental document database, webGIS functionality, ecoregion-level systems, and business licensing integration.
Comprehensive Document Processing Functions
The document subsystem handles the complete lifecycle of environmental approval documents from initial announcement through approval issuance.
Pasal 482 Ayat 1:
"(1) Sistem informasi dokumen Lingkungan Hidup digunakan dalam: a. pengumuman rencana Usaha dan/atau Kegiatan; b. pengisian Formulir Kerangka Acuan; c. pemeriksaan Formulir Kerangka Acuan; d. penyusunan dokumen Andal dan dokumen RKL-RPL; e. Uji Kelayakan; f. pengisian Formulir UKL-UPL standar spesifik dan Formulir UKL-UPL standar; g. pemeriksaan Formulir UKL-UPL standar spesifik dan Formulir UKL-UPL standar; h. penerbitan Persetujuan Lingkungan; i. pengisian SPIL; j. daftar lembaga pelatihan kompetensi Amdal; k. daftar lembaga sertifikasi kompetensi penyusun Amdal; l. daftar lembaga penyedia jasa penyusunan dokumen Amdal; dan m. daftar penyusun Amdal perorangan."
The system handles project announcements, Terms of Reference form completion and examination, Andal and RKL-RPL document preparation, feasibility assessment, UKL-UPL form completion and examination, Environmental Approval issuance, and SPPL completion. Additionally, the system maintains registries for AMDAL training institutions, certification bodies, consulting firms, and individual AMDAL authors. This comprehensive coverage means that virtually all environmental document-related activities occur within the unified platform.
Environmental Approval Reporting System
Project proponents with AMDAL or UKL-UPL approvals must submit ongoing compliance reports through the dedicated reporting subsystem.
Pasal 483:
"(1) Sistem informasi pelaporan Persetujuan Lingkungan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 480 ayat (2) huruf b digunakan untuk merekam dan menggambarkan data dan informasi pelaksanaan pengelolaan dan pemantauan Lingkungan Hidup dari penanggung jawab Usaha dan/atau Kegiatan. (2) Sistem informasi sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) diterapkan kepada setiap Usaha dan/atau Kegiatan yang wajib memiliki Amdal atau UKL-UPL. (3) Penanggung jawab Usaha dan/atau Kegiatan wajib Amdal atau UKL-UPL menyampaikan laporan yang meliputi: a. pengendalian Pencemaran Air; b. pengendalian Pencemaran Udara; c. pengelolaan Limbah B3; d. pengendalian kerusakan lingkungan; dan e. substansi lainnya sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan."
This subsystem records and displays environmental management and monitoring data from project proponents. All activities with AMDAL or UKL-UPL requirements must submit reports covering water pollution control, air pollution control, B3 waste management, environmental damage control, and other required matters. This self-monitoring (swapantau) reporting enables ongoing compliance verification without requiring constant direct inspections.
Environmental Status Information and Quality Index
The environmental status subsystem provides comprehensive environmental condition data to support decision-making across government.
Pasal 484 Ayat 1-2, 5:
"(1) Sistem Informasi status Lingkungan Hidup sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 480 ayat (2) huruf c digunakan untuk merekam dan menggambarkan data dan informasi Lingkungan Hidup secara komprehensif sebagai acuan pengambilan keputusan. (2) Pemerintah dan Pemerintah Daerah menyusun dan melaporkan status Lingkungan Hidup yang memuat informasi terdiri atas: a. faktor pemicu perubahan lingkungan; b. tekanan yang menyebabkan perubahan lingkungan; c. status dan kondisi lingkungan; d. dampak dari perubahan lingkungan; dan e. respon terhadap perubahan lingkungan... (5) Status dan kondisi lingkungan sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (2) huruf c diukur dengan indeks kualitas Lingkungan Hidup yang terdiri atas indeks: a. kualitas air; b. kualitas udara; dan c. tutupan lahan."
The system records comprehensive environmental data as a reference for decision-making. Government and regional governments compile environmental status reports covering change drivers, pressures causing change, environmental status and conditions, change impacts, and responses to change. Environmental conditions are measured using the Environmental Quality Index comprising water quality, air quality, and land cover indices. This structured approach enables systematic environmental monitoring and policy evaluation.
B3 Waste Management Information System
A dedicated subsystem tracks B3 waste management activities including performance, emergencies, and environmental restoration.
Pasal 486:
"Sistem informasi Pengelolaan Limbah B3 sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 480 ayat (2) huruf d paling sedikit meliputi informasi pelaksanaan Pengelolaan Limbah B3 untuk kegiatan: a. kinerja Pengelolaan Limbah B3; b. penanggulangan kedaruratan Limbah B3 dan Limbah nonB3; dan c. pemulihan fungsi Lingkungan Hidup akibat terkontaminasi Limbah B3."
The B3 waste management subsystem tracks hazardous waste management performance, emergency response activities for both B3 and non-B3 waste incidents, and environmental restoration from B3 contamination. This specialized subsystem enables comprehensive monitoring of hazardous material flows and associated environmental risks.
Environmental Risk Map System
The risk mapping subsystem identifies and displays environmental vulnerability conditions throughout Indonesia.
Pasal 487:
"Sistem Informasi peta rawan lingkungan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 480 ayat (2) huruf e bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kondisi rawan lingkungan di Indonesia yang diakibatkan oleh: a. banjir; b. longsor; c. kebakaran hutan; d. dampak perubahan iklim; dan/atau e. dampak Lingkungan lainnya."
The environmental risk map system depicts environmental vulnerability conditions caused by floods, landslides, forest fires, climate change impacts, and other environmental impacts. This geospatial information supports land use planning, disaster preparedness, and environmental impact assessment by identifying areas with elevated environmental risks.
Supervision and Sanctions Information System
The supervision subsystem integrates enforcement activities across all government levels into a unified compliance tracking platform.
Pasal 488:
"(1) Menteri menetapkan sistem informasi pengawasan dan penerapan Sanksi Administratif sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 480 ayat (2) huruf f bertujuan untuk mengintegrasikan pelaksanaan pengawasan dan penerapan Sanksi Administratif di pusat, provinsi, dan kabupaten/kota dengan berbasis teknologi informasi... (3) Sistem informasi pengawasan dan penerapan Sanksi Administratif sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) memuat informasi paling sedikit berupa: a. status ketaatan pemegang Perizinan Berusaha atau Persetujuan Pemerintah terkait Persetujuan Lingkungan; dan b. status tindak lanjut hasil pengawasan."
The Minister establishes the supervision and sanctions system to integrate enforcement implementation across all government levels using information technology. The system contains at minimum permit holder compliance status and supervision follow-up status. This integration enables comprehensive compliance monitoring and coordinated enforcement across Indonesia's decentralized governance structure.
Implementation & Compliance
Project proponents must engage with SILH throughout the environmental approval lifecycle. Document preparation and submission for AMDAL, UKL-UPL, and SPPL occur through the environmental document subsystem. After approval, ongoing self-monitoring reports must be submitted through the reporting subsystem covering water pollution control, air pollution control, B3 waste management, and environmental damage control. Compliance status becomes visible within the supervision subsystem, where regulators track permit holder performance.
Government agencies at all levels must use SILH for their environmental governance functions. Document examination, feasibility assessment, approval issuance, compliance monitoring, and enforcement actions all occur within the integrated platform. The system enables information exchange between agencies, supporting coordinated environmental management. Regional governments must report supervision results and sanctions applications to the Minister for integration into the unified system.
For consultants and service providers, SILH maintains registries for AMDAL training institutions, certification bodies, consulting firms, and individual authors. Registration in these databases is necessary for authorized participation in environmental document preparation and assessment activities.
Public access to environmental information through SILH supports transparency and public participation in environmental governance. The system facilitates access to project announcements, document examination status, environmental quality data, and compliance information, enabling informed public engagement with environmental decision-making.
Conclusion
PP 22/2021's Environmental Information System establishes a comprehensive digital infrastructure that transforms Indonesia's environmental governance from fragmented paper-based processes to integrated electronic workflows. The seven-subsystem architecture addresses the full spectrum of environmental information needs, from document processing through compliance monitoring and enforcement tracking.
For all stakeholders in Indonesia's environmental regulatory system, proficiency with SILH is increasingly essential. Project proponents, government officials, consultants, and the public all interact with environmental governance through this unified platform. The system's integration with business licensing infrastructure means that SILH engagement is embedded in broader regulatory processes, making digital environmental governance an unavoidable reality for activities subject to Indonesian environmental requirements.
Official Source
This article analyzes Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 on Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management (PP 22/2021), specifically BAB IX (Pasal 480-489) on the Environmental Information System.
The official regulation text can be accessed at:
Primary Source:
PP No. 22 Tahun 2021 - BPK Regulation Portal
Alternative Sources:
- JDIH Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan
Official Gazette: Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2021 Nomor 32
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