Indonesia's National Development Plan 2025-2029: PERPRES 12/2025
Executive Summary
On February 10, 2025, President Prabowo Subianto enacted Presidential Regulation No. 12 of 2025 (PERPRES 12/2025) establishing Indonesia's National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) for 2025-2029. This five-year plan implements the Long-Term National Development Plan 2025-2045, enacted under Law No. 59 of 2024. The RPJMN serves as the reference for ministerial strategic plans, regional development plans, and annual work plans.
Background
Indonesia's development planning system is governed by Law No. 25 of 2004 on the National Development Planning System. The system operates through a hierarchy: 20-year long-term plans (RPJP) provide vision, 5-year medium-term plans (RPJM) translate vision into strategies, and annual work plans (RKP) operationalize year-to-year implementation.
The RPJP Nasional 2025-2045 was enacted under Law No. 59 of 2024. The RPJMN 2025-2029 represents the first five-year implementation cycle of this long-term plan. PERPRES 12/2025 took effect on February 10, 2025.
Key Provisions
Planning Hierarchy
Pasal 1 Ayat 4: Definition of RPJP Nasional 2025-2045
"Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Nasional Tahun 2025-2045 yang selanjutnya disebut RPJP Nasional adalah dasar hukum Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional untuk periode 20 (dua puluh) tahun terhitung sejak Tahun 2025 sampai dengan Tahun 2045."
The National Long-Term Development Plan 2025-2045 serves as the legal foundation for national development planning over a 20-year period from 2025 to 2045.
Pasal 1 Ayat 5: Definition of RPJMN 2025-2029
"Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional Tahun 2025-2029 yang selanjutnya disebut RPJM Nasional adalah dokumen Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional untuk periode 5 (lima) tahun terhitung sejak Tahun 2025 sampai dengan Tahun 2029."
The RPJMN 2025-2029 is the national development planning document for the five-year period from 2025 to 2029.
Pasal 1 Ayat 6: Ministerial Strategic Plans (Renstra-KL)
"Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Kementerian/Lembaga Tahun 2025-2029 yang selanjutnya disebut Renstra-KL adalah dokumen perencanaan kementerian/lembaga untuk periode 5 (lima) tahun terhitung sejak Tahun 2025 sampai dengan Tahun 2029."
Ministerial and agency strategic plans (Renstra-KL) are planning documents for ministries and agencies covering the 2025-2029 period. These plans must align with the RPJMN.
Pasal 1 Ayat 7: Regional Development Plans (RPJM Daerah)
"Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah Tahun 2025-2029 yang selanjutnya disebut RPJM Daerah adalah dokumen Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah untuk periode 5 (lima) tahun yang merupakan penjabaran dari visi, misi dan program kepala daerah dengan berpedoman pada Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Daerah dan RPJM Nasional terhitung sejak Tahun 2025 sampai dengan Tahun 2029."
Regional development plans (RPJM Daerah) for provinces and districts/cities are five-year planning documents translating regional heads' programs while referencing both regional long-term plans and the RPJMN 2025-2029.
Pasal 1 Ayat 8: Annual National Work Plan (RKP)
"Rencana Pembangunan Tahunan Nasional yang selanjutnya disebut RKP adalah dokumen Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional untuk periode 1 (satu) tahun."
The annual National Work Plan (RKP) is the national development planning document for a one-year period. Each RKP must align with the five-year RPJMN.
Governance Responsibilities
Pasal 1 Ayat 9: Central Government
"Pemerintah Pusat yang selanjutnya disebut Pemerintah adalah Presiden Republik Indonesia yang memegang kekuasaan pemerintahan negara Republik Indonesia yang dibantu oleh Wakil Presiden dan menteri sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945."
The central government is the President of the Republic of Indonesia, assisted by the Vice President and ministers, holding state governance authority under the 1945 Constitution.
Pasal 1 Ayat 12: The Minister
"Menteri adalah menteri yang menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan di bidang perencanaan pembangunan nasional."
The Minister refers to the minister responsible for national development planning affairs. This designates the Minister of National Development Planning (Menteri PPN), who heads the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas).
RPJMN Structure and Function
Pasal 2: Establishment of RPJMN 2025-2029
The regulation establishes the RPJMN 2025-2029 as contained in four annexes:
- Annex I: RPJMN Narrative (vision, mission, development directions)
- Annex II: Development Matrix (targets, programs, performance indicators by sector)
- Annex III: Ministry/Agency Matrix (implementation responsibilities)
- Annex IV: Regional Development Directions (spatial and territorial guidance)
Pasal 3: RPJMN Functions
The RPJMN 2025-2029 serves as:
- Reference for formulating annual National Work Plans (RKP)
- Reference for formulating Ministerial/Agency Strategic Plans (Renstra-KL)
- Reference for formulating Regional Medium-Term Development Plans (RPJM Daerah)
- Guideline for all national development stakeholders
Monitoring and Revision
Pasal 5: Monitoring and Evaluation
The Minister of National Development Planning monitors and evaluates:
- RPJMN implementation
- Coordination among ministries/agencies and regional governments
- Achievement of development targets
Monitoring occurs through quarterly progress reviews, annual performance evaluations, and mid-term comprehensive assessments.
Pasal 6: RPJMN Revision
RPJMN revision may occur based on:
- Monitoring and evaluation results
- Changes in national conditions requiring priority adjustments
- Enactment of new laws affecting development directions
Revisions require presidential approval and must maintain alignment with the RPJP 2025-2045.
Implementation
For National Ministries and Agencies
Ministries and agencies must:
- Formulate Renstra-KL within six months of RPJMN enactment
- Align sectoral programs, budgets, and performance targets with national priorities
- Submit Renstra-KL to Bappenas for alignment review
- Develop annual work plans (Renja-KL) linked to budget requests
For Provincial and Local Governments
Provincial governments must:
- Formulate RPJM Daerah aligning with RPJMN 2025-2029 and provincial long-term plans
- Coordinate with national priorities while pursuing locally relevant programs
- Receive technical guidance from Bappenas and provincial planning agencies
District and city governments develop local RPJM Daerah coordinating with provincial and national plans.
Coordination and Monitoring
The Minister of National Development Planning coordinates RPJMN implementation through:
- Quarterly inter-ministerial coordination meetings
- Annual national development forums reviewing progress
- Mid-term comprehensive evaluation (scheduled for 2027)
- Monitoring dashboard tracking national development indicators
- National Development Planning Information System (Simrenbangnas) for progress reporting
Compliance
Ministries failing to align Renstra-KL with RPJMN priorities may face budgetary penalties. Regional governments not aligning RPJM Daerah may lose eligibility for specific central government grants. Government Internal Audit (APIP) and Supreme Audit Agency (BPK) evaluate compliance during annual audits.
Conclusion
PERPRES 12/2025 establishes the National Medium-Term Development Plan 2025-2029 as the framework for implementing Indonesia's long-term development vision. The regulation creates a planning hierarchy linking the 20-year RPJP 2025-2045 through the five-year RPJMN 2025-2029 to ministerial strategic plans, regional development plans, and annual work plans. The Minister of National Development Planning monitors implementation and coordinates across government levels. Implementing regulations will be developed within six months.
Official Source
This article analyzes Presidential Regulation No. 12 of 2025 concerning the National Medium-Term Development Plan 2025-2029 (PERPRES 12/2025).
The official regulation text can be accessed at:
Primary Source:
PERPRES No. 12 Tahun 2025 - BPK Regulation Portal
Alternative Sources:
- JDIH Sekretariat Kabinet
- Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Nasional (Bappenas)
- RPJMN 2025-2029 Official Portal
Official Gazette: Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2025 Nomor 19
Related Legal Framework:
- Law No. 25 of 2004 on National Development Planning System
- Law No. 59 of 2024 on National Long-Term Development Plan 2025-2045
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