What Are Indonesia's New Water Resource Management Requirements Under PP 30/2024?
1.0 The Comprehensive Framework: Integrated Water Resource Governance
On 2024, the Indonesian government enacted Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 30 Tahun 2024 tentang Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air (Government Regulation Number 30 of 2024 on Water Resource Management), fundamentally restructuring how water resources are managed across the archipelago. Article 2 establishes the foundational principle: "Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air dilakukan secara menyeluruh, terpadu, dan berwawasan lingkungan hidup bertujuan untuk mewujudkan kemanfaatan Sumber Daya Air yang berkelanjutan dengan memberikan pemenuhan dan pelindungan dalam memperoleh dan menggunakan Sumber Daya Air untuk sebesar-besar kemakmuran rakyat" (Water Resource Management is conducted comprehensively, integratedly, and with environmental awareness aimed at realizing sustainable Water Resource benefits by providing fulfillment and protection in obtaining and using Water Resources for the greatest prosperity of the people). This 151-article regulation replaces PP 121/2015 on Water Resource Business Operations and implements UU 17/2019 on Water Resources as amended by UU 6/2023 on Job Creation. The regulation establishes a three-pillar approach to water governance: conservation, utilization, and damage control. Article 3 specifies the scope as encompassing policy formulation, infrastructure construction and operation, and the integration of conservation with utilization activities. Unlike its predecessor which focused primarily on business licensing, PP 30/2024 takes a holistic view that balances economic development with environmental sustainability and community participation. The regulation introduces 45 key definitions in Article 1, creating a comprehensive legal vocabulary for water governance that includes new concepts such as Biaya Jasa Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air (Water Resource Management Service Fee/BJPSDA) and Wadah Koordinasi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air (Water Resource Management Coordination Forum) (see Matrix 1.1 below).
Matrix 1.1: Core Components of PP 30/2024 Water Resource Management Framework
| No. | Component | Indonesian Term | Scope | Article Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.1 | Conservation | Konservasi Sumber Daya Air | Protection, preservation, water quality management | Article 3(c) |
| 1.2 | Utilization | Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air | Allocation, provision, usage, development | Article 3(c) |
| 1.3 | Damage Control | Pengendalian Daya Rusak Air | Prevention, mitigation, recovery from water disasters | Article 3(c) |
| 1.4 | Policy Framework | Kebijakan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air | Strategic direction at national/provincial/local levels | Article 3(a) |
| 1.5 | Infrastructure | Prasarana Sumber Daya Air | Water facilities construction and maintenance | Article 3(b) |
2.0 The Governance Architecture: Multi-Level Authority Distribution
PP 30/2024 establishes a sophisticated multi-level governance framework that distributes water management authority across central, provincial, and district/municipal governments based on the characteristics of river basins. Article 4(1) provides: "Sebagian tugas dan wewenang Menteri, menteri yang menyelenggarakan urusan pemerintahan di bidang energi dan sumber daya mineral, gubernur, bupati/wali kota dalam mengelola Sumber Daya Air yang meliputi satu Wilayah Sungai dapat ditugaskan kepada Pengelola Sumber Daya Air" (Part of the duties and authorities of the Minister, the minister conducting government affairs in energy and mineral resources, governor, regent/mayor in managing Water Resources covering one River Basin can be assigned to Water Resource Managers). The regulation recognizes that water resources transcend administrative boundaries, requiring coordinated management across jurisdictions. Article 4(2) specifies that water resource managers can be ministerial/regional technical implementation units or state-owned/regional-owned enterprises in water resource management. For state-owned enterprises to qualify as water resource managers, Article 4(3) requires them to: (a) implement water resource management functions including construction, operation, and maintenance; (b) use water resources only within their operational area; (c) provide quality services based on sound corporate governance principles; (d) collect, receive, and use BJPSDA; (e) receive special assignments from central or regional governments; and (f) not be purely profit-oriented. This framework ensures that water resource management serves public welfare rather than purely commercial interests, while still allowing private sector participation under strict conditions (see Matrix 2.1 below).
Matrix 2.1: Water Resource Management Authority Distribution Under PP 30/2024
| No. | Authority Level | Jurisdiction | River Basin Type | Manager Options | Article Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2.1 | Central Government | Minister of Public Works | Cross-provincial, cross-national, strategic national | UPT Ministry, BUMN | Article 4(1), 4(2) |
| 2.2 | Provincial Government | Governor | Cross-district/city within province | UPT Daerah, BUMD | Article 4(1), 4(2) |
| 2.3 | District/Municipal | Regent/Mayor | Single district/city | UPT Daerah, BUMD | Article 4(1), 4(2) |
| 2.4 | Energy Sector | Minister of ESDM | Groundwater basins | UPT Ministry | Article 4(1) |
3.0 The Utilization Framework: Four Pillars of Water Resource Development
Chapter VI of PP 30/2024 establishes four integrated activities for water resource utilization. Article 77 states: "Pendayagunaan Sumber Daya Air dilakukan melalui kegiatan: a. Penatagunaan Sumber Daya Air; b. Penyediaan Sumber Daya Air; c. Penggunaan Sumber Daya Air; dan d. Pengembangan Sumber Daya Air" (Water Resource Utilization is conducted through activities: a. Water Resource Allocation; b. Water Resource Provision; c. Water Resource Usage; and d. Water Resource Development). Penatagunaan (Allocation) determines how water resources are distributed among competing uses such as agriculture, industry, domestic consumption, and environmental flows. Penyediaan (Provision) ensures that adequate water quantity and quality are available at designated points to meet identified needs. Penggunaan (Usage) regulates the actual consumption of water resources by various users, including permitting requirements and usage conditions. Pengembangan (Development) encompasses infrastructure investments and capacity building to expand the availability and utility of water resources. These four pillars operate within the conservation framework established in Chapter V, ensuring that utilization does not compromise long-term sustainability. The regulation emphasizes that water resource development must prioritize non-structural measures such as watershed management and groundwater recharge before resorting to structural interventions like dam construction (see Matrix 3.1 below).
Matrix 3.1: Four Pillars of Water Resource Utilization Under PP 30/2024
| No. | Pillar | Indonesian Term | Primary Function | Key Activities | Article Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1 | Allocation | Penatagunaan Sumber Daya Air | Distribution planning | Zoning, priority setting, conflict resolution | Article 77(a) |
| 3.2 | Provision | Penyediaan Sumber Daya Air | Supply assurance | Infrastructure operation, drought management | Article 77(b) |
| 3.3 | Usage | Penggunaan Sumber Daya Air | Consumption regulation | Licensing, monitoring, compliance | Article 77(c) |
| 3.4 | Development | Pengembangan Sumber Daya Air | Capacity expansion | Construction, technology adoption, efficiency | Article 77(d) |
4.0 The Disaster Control Framework: Prevention, Mitigation, and Recovery
Chapter VII addresses water-related disaster management through a comprehensive three-phase approach. Article 94(1) establishes: "Pengendalian Daya Rusak Air meliputi upaya: a. pencegahan Daya Rusak Air; b. penanggulangan Daya Rusak Air; dan c. pemulihan akibat Daya Rusak Air" (Water Destructive Power Control includes efforts: a. prevention of Water Destructive Power; b. mitigation of Water Destructive Power; and c. recovery from Water Destructive Power effects). The regulation prioritizes prevention through integrated planning within the Water Resource Management Pattern. Article 94(2) specifies that damage control "diutamakan pada upaya pencegahan melalui perencanaan Pengendalian Daya Rusak Air yang disusun secara terpadu dan menyeluruh dalam Pola Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air" (is prioritized on prevention efforts through Water Destructive Power Control planning prepared integratedly and comprehensively in the Water Resource Management Pattern). Mitigation and recovery activities must be "terpadu, menyeluruh, dan terkoordinasi" (integrated, comprehensive, and coordinated) per Article 94(3). The regulation mandates community involvement in disaster control activities under Article 94(4), recognizing that effective disaster management requires local knowledge and participation. Responsibility is distributed among the Minister, relevant ministry/agency heads, governors, and regents/mayors, along with River Basin Water Resource Managers and communities, as specified in Article 94(5). This multi-stakeholder approach ensures coordinated response across administrative boundaries while leveraging local capacity for rapid response (see Matrix 4.1 below).
Matrix 4.1: Water Disaster Control Framework Under PP 30/2024
| No. | Phase | Indonesian Term | Activities | Responsible Parties | Article Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.1 | Prevention | Pencegahan Daya Rusak Air | Risk mapping, early warning, infrastructure hardening | All levels + community | Article 94(1)(a) |
| 4.2 | Mitigation | Penanggulangan Daya Rusak Air | Emergency response, evacuation, damage limitation | Coordinated multi-level | Article 94(1)(b) |
| 4.3 | Recovery | Pemulihan Akibat Daya Rusak Air | Rehabilitation, reconstruction, livelihood restoration | Government + community | Article 94(1)(c) |
5.0 The Funding Framework: Sustainable Financing Through BJPSDA
Chapter X establishes the financial architecture for water resource management. Article 132(1) identifies five funding sources: "Pendanaan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air bersumber dari: a. anggaran pendapatan dan belanja negara; b. anggaran pendapatan dan belanja daerah; c. anggaran swasta; d. hasil penerimaan BJPSDA; dan/atau e. sumber lain yang sah sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan" (Water Resource Management Funding comes from: a. state budget; b. regional budget; c. private sector budget; d. BJPSDA revenue; and/or e. other legitimate sources according to statutory provisions). The introduction of BJPSDA (Biaya Jasa Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air/Water Resource Management Service Fee) in Article 132(1)(d) creates a user-pays mechanism that links water resource consumption to management funding. Article 132(4) explains that BJPSDA "merupakan dana yang dipungut dari pengguna sebagai pemegang perizinan berusaha untuk menggunakan Sumber Daya Air yang wajib membayar BJPSDA terhadap Penggunaan Sumber Daya Air" (constitutes funds collected from users as business permit holders to use Water Resources who are obligated to pay BJPSDA for Water Resource Usage). Article 132(5) opens possibilities for public-private partnerships by allowing "kerja sama pendanaan dengan badan usaha swasta atau pemerintah negara lain" (funding cooperation with private business entities or foreign governments) for water infrastructure provision. However, Article 132(6) explicitly excludes operations and maintenance from such partnerships, ensuring that core management functions remain under government oversight. This funding framework balances fiscal sustainability with accessibility, ensuring that water resources remain available for public benefit while generating revenue for continued management and development (see Matrix 5.1 below).
Matrix 5.1: Water Resource Management Funding Sources Under PP 30/2024
| No. | Source | Indonesian Term | Purpose | Restrictions | Article Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5.1 | State Budget | APBN | River basin management by central government | None specified | Article 132(1)(a) |
| 5.2 | Regional Budget | APBD | River basin management by regional governments | None specified | Article 132(1)(b) |
| 5.3 | Private Sector | Anggaran Swasta | Participation in water management funding | Subject to regulations | Article 132(1)(c) |
| 5.4 | BJPSDA Revenue | Hasil Penerimaan BJPSDA | User-pays mechanism for sustainable management | Business permit holders | Article 132(1)(d) |
| 5.5 | Other Sources | Sumber Lain | Additional legitimate funding | Per statutory provisions | Article 132(1)(e) |
| 5.6 | PPP Infrastructure | Kerja Sama Pendanaan | Water infrastructure development | Excludes O&M activities | Article 132(5)-(6) |
Regulation Reference
Full Citation:
Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 30 Tahun 2024 tentang Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air
English Translation:
Government Regulation Number 30 of 2024 on Water Resource Management
Short Citation:
PP 30/2024
Legal Basis: UU 17/2019 tentang Sumber Daya Air (sebagaimana diubah dengan UU 6/2023 tentang Cipta Kerja)
Replaces: PP 121/2015 tentang Pengusahaan Sumber Daya Air
Official Source: https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/295844/pp-no-30-tahun-2024
Legal Analysis by the CRPG Environmental Law Team | Analysis Date: November 26, 2025 | Regulation Status: Active (Berlaku)
LEGAL DISCLAIMER: This article is provided for informational and educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice, legal opinion, or professional consultation. The analysis presented herein is based on the authors' interpretation of PP 30/2024 and related regulations as of the publication date and may contain errors, omissions, or inaccuracies despite reasonable efforts to ensure accuracy. Laws and regulations are subject to amendment, judicial interpretation, and administrative clarification that may affect the applicability or interpretation of the provisions discussed. This article does not create an attorney-client relationship between the authors, the Center for Regulation, Policy and Government (CRPG), and any reader. Readers should not act or refrain from acting based solely on the information contained in this article without seeking appropriate legal counsel from qualified Indonesian legal practitioners licensed to practice environmental and water resources law. The application of water resource management provisions depends on specific factual circumstances including river basin classification, project location, water usage type, permit status, BJPSDA obligations, and disaster risk assessment, all of which require case-specific legal analysis. Neither the authors nor CRPG assume any liability for actions taken or not taken based on information in this article, nor for any direct, indirect, incidental, consequential, or punitive damages arising from use of or reliance on this material. For specific legal guidance on water resource management permits and compliance, consult with qualified legal counsel familiar with Indonesian environmental and administrative law and current regulatory practice.
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